Seven-week-old apoE–/– mice, purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) were housed individually in stainless steel wire-bottom cages in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room. Only male mice were used to control for the known effect of gender on atherosclerosis in this strain [43 (link)]. The animals had free access to water and to one of the following diets prepared based on AIN 93M (Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA): a control diet (11 Kcal% fat, 70 Kcal% carbohydrate, 18 Kcal% protein), a KD diet (81 Kcal% fat, 1 Kcal% carbohydrate, 18 Kcal% protein and 0.15% cholesterol), or an LMKD diet (80 Kcal% fat, 1 Kcal% carbohydrate, 19 Kcal% protein and 0.15% cholesterol) that was enriched in methionine and had reduced levels of methyl donors and vitamins (folate, choline, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12), as previously described in detail [13 (link)]. The macronutrient composition of the experimental diets is shown in Table 1 . Diets were replaced once a week, at which time animals and the remaining food were weighed to determine food consumption and body weight progression. All procedures were performed in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Pennsylvania State University, which specifically approved this study.
Ain 93m
Manufactured by Research Diets
Sourced in United States
AIN-93M is a widely used purified rodent diet formulation developed by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN). It is designed to provide a complete and balanced nutrition for rodents, including essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal growth and health.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Covi ox t 90, by BASF (2 mentions)
Apoe mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions)
Natural γ tmt, by BASF (1 mentions)
Sucrose polybehenate, by Research Diets (1 mentions)
Icr mice, by Japan SLC (1 mentions)
Olive oil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Humulin r, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
Male icr mice, by Japan SLC (1 mentions)
C57bl 6jjmsslc, by Japan SLC (1 mentions)
C57bl 6jjcl, by CLEA Japan (1 mentions)
Balb c, by Japan SLC (1 mentions)
D12451, by Research Diets (1 mentions)
14 protocols using ain 93m
1
Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice: Diet Effects
2
Dietary Effects of γ-Tocotrienol on Health
3
Dietary Composition Impacts on Rodent Metabolism
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A semi-synthetic diet containing 5% sucrose polybehenate, a non-absorbable food additive, was prepared by Research Diets, Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ, USA), as we reported previously [10 (link)]. Additionally, two pelleted semi-purified, nutritionally complete experimental diets (AIN-93M [11 (link)]) were purchased from Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA. The high-fat diet (HFD, catalog #: D03082706) contained 20% fat (19 g of butter oil and 1 g of soybean oil in 100 g of diet to provide essential fatty acids), and the low-fat diet (LFD, catalog #: D03082705) contained 3 g of butter oil and 1 g of soybean oil in 100 g of diet [12 (link)]. We equalized the amount of protein and all essential minerals and vitamins required for rodents [8 (link)] per kJ for both HFD and LFD [12 (link)]. Diets given to the GF mice were sterilized with double gamma irradiation, and the diets given to CV mice were regularly irradiated.
4
Luteolin Modulates Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes
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All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Permission # 27-05-09) and carried out according to the guidelines for animal experiments at Kobe University. Seventy male, 6-week-old ICR mice (Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan) were obtained from Japan SLC, Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan) and allowed free access to tap water and a purified diet AIN-93M (Research Diets, NJ, USA) with a 12:12‒h light/dark cycle (light period starting from 8:00 AM; equal to Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0) at a controlled temperature (25 ± 3°C). To examine the effect of luteolin on the expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, mice were randomly assigned to two groups. One group was administrated luteolin at ZT22 and another group was administrated it at ZT10. Each groups of mice were also randomly divided into 5 groups of 6–8 each and were orally administrated different concentration of luteolin 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) and propylene glycol as a vehicle for 7 days. The mice were killed by exsanguination following cardiac puncture 2 h after the final luteolin administration. The plasma and livers were collected. Tissues and plasma were frozen in liquid N2 and stored at -80°C until analyzed.
5
Ubiquinol Ameliorates Burn-Induced Insulin Resistance
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We used male CD1 mice (Charles River Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA) at 8 weeks of age. The mice were housed in a pathogen‐free animal facility with 12‐h light/dark cycles at 25 °C and fed with AIN‐93M (Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA). Burn injury was produced as described previously 6 . Starting at 2 h after burn or sham‐burn, the mice were treated with reduced form of CoQ10 (ubiquinol) provided by Kaneka Nutrients Corp. (Pasadena, TX, USA) [40 mg·kg−1, subcutaneous injection (SC), b.i.d.] or vehicle (olive oil; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 3 days. Three days after burn or sham‐burn, rectus abdominis muscle and plasma were collected for biochemical analyses. At the end of study, the mice were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation.
For detecting insulin signaling, at 3 days after burn or sham‐burn, following an overnight fasting, the mice received insulin (0.3 U·kg−1, Humulin R; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA) or saline via the portal vein under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg·kg−1, IP), and rectus abdominis muscles were collected at 5 min thereafter.
For detecting insulin signaling, at 3 days after burn or sham‐burn, following an overnight fasting, the mice received insulin (0.3 U·kg−1, Humulin R; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA) or saline via the portal vein under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg·kg−1, IP), and rectus abdominis muscles were collected at 5 min thereafter.
6
Evaluating Auditory Brainstem Response in Mice
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To measure the effect of background noise on ABR measurement accuracy, 10 randomly selected ICR male mice (Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan) weighing 20-30 g, were used at the age of 8 weeks.
The animals were singly housed in individually ventilated cages (Lab Products, Inc., Seaford, DE, USA), in a room with controlled temperature (22℃ ± 2℃), humidity (60% ± 5%), and light (12/12 h light/dark cycle with lights on at 08:00). The light intensity at the surface of the cages was approximately 100 lux. All mice were on a standard rodent diet (AIN-93M, Research Diets, Inc, USA), and food and water were provided ad libitum.
Next, to identify sources of mouse model candidates for congenital hearing loss, we selected 10 male mice from each of the following strains: C57BL/6JJmsSlc (Japan SLC, Inc. Shizuoka, Japan), C57BL/6JJcl (CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), C57BL/6NCrl (Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc., Tokyo. Japan), Balb/c (Japan SLC, Inc.), CH3 (CLEA Japan, Inc.), ICR (Japan SLC, Inc.), and ddY (Japan SLC, Inc.).
Mice were tested at 8 weeks of age, and their body weights ranged between 20 and 30 g. Mice were randomly selected from each strain.
All mice remained in the same environmental conditions as described.
In admission, this experiment was approved by the Waseda University laboratory animal ethical review board.
The animals were singly housed in individually ventilated cages (Lab Products, Inc., Seaford, DE, USA), in a room with controlled temperature (22℃ ± 2℃), humidity (60% ± 5%), and light (12/12 h light/dark cycle with lights on at 08:00). The light intensity at the surface of the cages was approximately 100 lux. All mice were on a standard rodent diet (AIN-93M, Research Diets, Inc, USA), and food and water were provided ad libitum.
Next, to identify sources of mouse model candidates for congenital hearing loss, we selected 10 male mice from each of the following strains: C57BL/6JJmsSlc (Japan SLC, Inc. Shizuoka, Japan), C57BL/6JJcl (CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), C57BL/6NCrl (Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc., Tokyo. Japan), Balb/c (Japan SLC, Inc.), CH3 (CLEA Japan, Inc.), ICR (Japan SLC, Inc.), and ddY (Japan SLC, Inc.).
Mice were tested at 8 weeks of age, and their body weights ranged between 20 and 30 g. Mice were randomly selected from each strain.
All mice remained in the same environmental conditions as described.
In admission, this experiment was approved by the Waseda University laboratory animal ethical review board.
7
Oral Gavage of Polyphenols in Mice
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All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (The ethical protocol code: 2020-10-03, Permission date: 29 October 2020) and carried out according to the guidelines for animal experiments at Kobe University. Male ICR mice (6-week-old) were obtained from Japan SLC, Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan) and allowed free access to tap water and a purified diet AIN-93M (Research Diets, NJ, USA) in a temperature-controlled room (23 ± 2 °C) with 14:10 h light/dark cycle (lights on at 8:00 a.m.). The mice were randomly divided into five groups of six each and orally administrated PN and PG at 1.0 or 10 mg/kg body weight once a day for 1 week. For the control mice, polyethylene glycol as the vehicle control was administered at 5 mL/kg body weight. The mice were killed by exsanguination from cardiac puncture 2 h after the final administration. The plasma and liver were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until analyzed.
8
Dietary Tocopherol Modulation in AIN-93M Diets
9
Characterization of BCO2 and LepR Deficient Mice
10
Transgenic Mouse Model for Prostate Cancer
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See Supplementary Table 1 for mouse genotypes used in this study. Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice of purebred C57BL/6-Tg (TRAMP)8247Ng/J (B6) (Jax Laboratories) or hybrid C57BL/6-Tg (TRAMP)8247Ng/J × FvBNHsd (Envigo) (B6FVB) background were genotyped at 21–28 days of age to distinguish between heterozygous TRAMP (+) animals positive for the PB-Tag SV40 oncogene and TRAMP (–) animals negative for the PB-Tag SV40 oncogene as previously described [48 (link)]. B6 and B6FVB TRAMP mice were allowed to grow to 8–31 weeks of age before use in studies. Food [LabDiet5001 (LabDiet) or AIN-93M (Research Diets)] and water were provided ab libitum. Animals were observed and weighed on a daily basis during all studies. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures outlined in the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Animals under the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Committee supervision (MU IACUC protocols #8602 and #9501).
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