4300 handheld ftir

The structures of the compounds were determined using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Nicolet 6700 spectrometer (Thermo Electron Scientific Instruments Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) equipped with a model 300 photoacoustic cell (FTIR-PAS) (MTEC Photoacoustics, Inc., Oakland, California, USA) and an attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) instrument (4300 Handheld FTIR, Agilent Technologies, USA). The surface morphologies were obtained using a MERLIN field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany), and the surface elemental compositions and distribution were analyzed using a Thermo Fisher 250Xi X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector attached to the SEM. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data were collected in the 5–80° range using an ARL X'TRA diffractometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Switzerland). The elemental compositions were measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with a MobiLIBS system (IVEA, France), an iCAP 7000 inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and a CHN-O-Rapid elemental analyzer (Heraeus, Germany).