Thallium chloride

L-Tyrosine (Tyr, 99.0%), silver nitrate (AgNO₃; 99.9%), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄; ≥99.9%), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO₃)₃ × 4 H₂O; 98%), cesium chloride (CsCl; 99%), mercury(II) chloride (HgCl₂; 99.5%), lanthanum chloride hydrate (LaCl₃ × H₂O; 99.9%), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂; ≥98%), rubidium chloride (RbCl₂; 99.8%), rhodium chloride (RhCl₃; 98%), thallium chloride (TlCl; 98%), cerium chloride heptahydrate (CeCl₃ × 7 H₂O; 99.9%), yttrium(III) chloride (YCl₃; 99.99%), cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl₂ × 6 H₂O, 98%), manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MgCl₂×4 H₂O; 98%), nickel(II) chloride (NiCl₂, >98%), copper(II) chloride (CuCl₂, >98%), and iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃ × 6 H₂O, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride (NaOH; 99.0%), hydrochloric acid (HCl; 37%), zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl₂; 99.9%), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂ × 2 H₂O; 97%), potassium chloride (KCl; >99%) and Sodium chloride (NaCl; 99.98%) were products of Molar Chemicals. For fresh stock solutions, Milli-Q (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) was used. The chemicals were of analytical grade and further purification was not applied.

EtOH (1.00980 EMD Millipore, absolute, for HPLC, ≥99.8%), L-Lactic acid (L-6402, 98%), Thallium chloride (224898) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich-Fluka (Milan, Italy). Thallium compounds are toxic and were handled with caution in a ventilated fume hood, using appropriate protective clothing. Phosphoric acid for HPLC analysis was prepared from monobasic monohydrate sodium phosphate (BDH Laboratory Supplies, Poole, England) and phosphoric acid (V800287 VETEC ≥85%). Methanol for RP-HPLC was purchased from Carlo Erba (Rodano, MI, Italy). Preparation/dilution of samples and solutions was performed gravimetrically using ultrapure water (MilliQ; 18.2 MΩ cm^-1 at 25°C, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Solid Phase Micro Extraction Fiber 85 um Carboxen/PDMS were employed for the preconcentration of volatile compounds in the HS.

Sodium azide (NaN₃) (≥99.5% purity), sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈) (≥99% purity), thallium chloride (TlCl) (≥98% purity), sodium chloride (NaCl) (≥99.5% purity), potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) (≥99% purity), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (≥99% purity), perchloric acid (HClO₄) (70%, 99.999% purity), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (≥98% purity), and tert-butanol ((CH₃)₃COH) (≥99.5% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without further purification. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) > 98% and argon (Ar) BIP PlusX50S were from Messer (Warsaw, Poland).