The following chemicals were used as inducers: Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG, Goldbio I2481C); 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG, Acros Organics 15214288); Anhydrotetracycline HCl (aTc, Alfa Aesar AAJ66688MA); L-arabinose (L-ara, Carbosynth MA02043); Cuminic acid (Cuminic acid, Sigma 268402); Vanillic acid (Vanillic acid, Alfa Aesar A12074); 3-Oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6 AHL, Sigma K3007); D-Ribose (Alfa Aesar A17894); Cellobiose (Acros Organics 108461000). The final concentrations used for each inducer were: 1 mM IPTG; 25 μM DAPG; 100 ng/mL aTc; 5 mM L-ara; 100 μM Cuminic acid; 100 μM Vanillic acid; 10 μM 3OC6 AHL; 10 mM Ribose; 10 mM Cellobiose.
Vanillic acid
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, India, United Kingdom, Japan
Vanillic acid is a chemical compound that can be used in laboratory settings. It serves as a chemical standard and reference material for analytical procedures. The core function of vanillic acid is to provide a reliable and consistent substance for various analytical applications, such as method development, validation, and quality control.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
T 131, by Evonik (1 mentions)
Bl 22, by Evonik (1 mentions)
4 dimethylaminopyridine dmap, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cellobiose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
3 o c6 ahl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cuminic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D ribose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Geraniol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Caffeine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Citral, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L glutathione, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Acetosyringone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl vanillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vanillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acetovanillone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using vanillic acid
1
Multimodal Microbial Induction Protocol
2
Synthesis of Phenolic Conjugates
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All chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, United States) unless otherwise specified. P-coumaric acid (PCA) and 1-ethyl-3-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from TCI America Inc. (Portland, United States); ferulic acid (FA), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and vanillic acid were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, United States); T-131 and BL-22 were supplied by Evonik (Essen, Germany). Bacteria strains were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, United States). All chemicals were used as received.
3
Preparation of Phytocompound Stock Solutions
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Citral (Alfa Aesar, India), chlorogenic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, India), vanillic acid (Alfa Aesar, India), ferulic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, India), gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, India), geraniol (Sigma-Aldrich, India), catechin, and naringin hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, India) were dissolved in methanol. Sterile MilliQ water was used for dissolving caffeine and l -glutathione (Alfa Aesar, India). All the phytocompounds were prepared as 10-mg/ml stock solutions and stored at 4°C for future use.
4
Analytical Standards for Pyrolysis Compounds
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Analytical standards of levoglucosan (99%), acetosyringone (97%), acetovanillone (≥98%), para-coumaric acid (≥98%), ethylvanillin (99%), ferulic acid (99%), syringaldehyde (98%), and syringic acid (>95%), as well as L-ascorbic acid (SigmaUltra) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. An analytical standard of 13C6 levoglucosan (98%) was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. An analytical standard of vanillin (99%) was obtained from Acros Organics, and an analytical standard of vanillic acid (98%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar. An analytical standard of ammonium acetate (≥99%) and ultrapure acetonitrile (ACN, LC/MS grade) were obtained from VWR Chemicals. Sodium hydroxide (pellets, ≥99%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, suprapure, 30%), and water (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Merck KGaA. Ammonium hydroxide solution (NH3, analytical grade, 25%) was obtained from Honeywell Fluka. Ultrapure methanol (MeOH, LC/MS grade) was obtained Carl Roth while ultrapure dichloromethane (DCM, LC-MS grade, ≥99.8%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ultrapure water with 18.2 MΩ resistance was produced using a Milli-Q water system from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Solid-phase extraction columns (Oasis HLB, 6 mL tubes, 200 mg packing material and Oasis HLB, 1 mL tubes, 30 mg packing material) were purchased from Waters.
5
Tannin Extraction from Diverse Plants
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Arbutin, luteolin and taxifolin were purchased from Apin Chemicals Ltd (Abingdon, U.K.); vanillic acid and naringenin from Alfa Aesar (Blackpool, U.K.); gallocatechin and quercetin from Sigma–Aldrich (Gillingham, U.K.); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) from bioMerieux (Lyon, France), Milton solution, sodium hypochlorite 2% w/v and sodium chloride 16.5% w/v from Milton (Inibsa laboratorios, Barcelona, Spain). Goat willow (Salix caprea), black currant (Ribes nigrum) and red currant (Ribes rubrum) leaves were collected in July and August 2012. Tilia (Linden) flowers (Tilia × europaea) were purchased from Flos (Mokrsko, Poland). These plant samples were chosen as they allowed the testing of different tannin types, all of which are known to occur in willow.
6
Analytical Standards Verification for Metabolomics
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All analytical standards used during the study were at least > 96% purity and every effort was made to use standards of the highest purity commercially available. Most chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), including: p-coumaric acid (purity ≥ 98%), caffeic acid (≥98%), benzoic acid (99.5%), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, predominantly trans (97%), l-glutathione reduced (≥98.0%); curcumin (≥98%), α-d-glucose 1-phosphate disodium salt hydrate (≥98%), and ( ± )-α-tocopherol (≥96%)). Vanillic acid (98%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA), gallic acid hydrate (> 98%) from TCI Chemicals (Japan), ferulic acid (99.6%) from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (98%) from Matrix scientific (Columbia, SC) (Table S1). Isotopically-labeled internal standards (benzoic acid-13 C, 99%) and ferulic acid-13 C 3 , 99%) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). Methanol, acetonitrile (ACN), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and LC-MS grade water were purchased from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI), while formic acid (LC-MS grade), and ammonium acetate (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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