Lactic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan

Lactic acid is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in the body as a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis. It can also be produced synthetically for industrial applications. Lactic acid is a colorless, odorless, and water-soluble organic acid.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

374 protocols using lactic acid

Intraperitoneal and Subcutaneous Injections

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) was diluted in sterile water, and ketoprofen (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) was dissolved in a solution of sterile water, ethanol, and kolliphor (92.5, 5, 2.5%; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). Lactic acid and ketoprofen were administered by intraperitoneal injection with a 27 G needle, at a volume of 10 ml/kg. Morphine (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) was dissolved in saline and administered subcutaneously with a 27 G needle, at a volume of 10 ml/kg. U69,593 (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) was dissolved in a small amount of Lactic acid and then diluted with saline to a final concentration of 0.056% Lactic acid.

Garner J.B., Marshall L.S., Boyer N.M., Alapatt V, & Miller L.L. (2021). Effects of Ketoprofen and Morphine on Pain-Related Depression of Nestlet Shredding in Male and Female Mice. Frontiers in Pain Research, 2, 673940.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

In Vitro Skin Cell Treatment

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Chemicals 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB, Sigma-Aldrich) and lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (the maximum concentration of DMSO in the culture medium was 0.1%) and PBS respectively. For in vitro treatment, the HaCaT cells cultured on PDMS substrates were treated with 5 μg/mL DNCB or 1 mg/mL lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 h. The culture medium supplemented with 0.1% DMSO or PBS was used as a vehicle control. The concentrations of DNCB and lactic acid used in this study were determined based on prior tests of 75% cell viability (CV75), as described previously (20 (link)).

Chung H., Oh S., Shin H.W., Lee Y., Lee H, & Seok S.H. (2021). Matrix Stiffening Enhances DNCB-Induced IL-6 Secretion in Keratinocytes Through Activation of ERK and PI3K/Akt Pathway. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 759992.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Isotopic Tracing of Glucose and Lactate Metabolism

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

HCT116 and LS174T cells were seeded into six-well plates at a density of 6 × 10⁵ cells per well and incubated for 24 h. For glucose-labelling experiments media were supplemented with glutamine (2 mM), lactic acid (10 mM) and ¹³C₆-glucose (5.6 mM, Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri, US). For lactic acid-labelling experiments media were supplemented with glutamine (2 mM), glucose (5.6 mM) and ¹³C₃-lactic acid (10 mM, Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri, US). Media were also supplemented with uprosertib (10 μM) or vehicle (DMSO, 0.1%). Cells were treated for 4 h before intracellular metabolites were extracted and aqueous fractions were analysed using the Agilent 7890 GC system linked to an Agilent 5975 Mass Selective Detector using methods published previously.^{26 (link)} AMDIS software was used with reference to the NIST mass spectral library²⁷ to identify metabolites. Peak integration was done using in-house developed GAVIN^{28 (link)} scripts for MATLAB® (MathWorks).

Barnes E.M., Xu Y., Benito A., Herendi L., Siskos A.P., Aboagye E.O., Nijhuis A, & Keun H.C. (2020). Lactic acidosis induces resistance to the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib in colon cancer cells. British Journal of Cancer, 122(9), 1298-1308.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Spray-Dried Sour Whey Characterization

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Spray-dried sour whey was obtained from Laktopol (Suwałki, Poland). L-Phenylalanine, lactic acid, sodium sulfate, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, and Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznań, Poland). Yeast extract and a medium with chloramphenicol were obtained from BTL (Łódź, Poland). Citric acid, Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O, and MgCl₂ were obtained from POCH (Gliwice, Poland). Inulin was purchased from Hortimex Plus (Konin, Poland). An EZ: Faast™ Kit for Free (Physiological) Amino Acids was obtained from Phenomenex (Aschaffenburg, Germany). The following reference aroma compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznań, Poland): 2,3-butanedione, acetic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, methyl butanoate, 2,3-butanediol, butanoic acid, methyl hexanoate, dimethyl sulfone, ethyl hexanoate, hexanoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, methyl octanoate, ethyl octanoate, phenylacetic acid, octanoic acid, methyl decanoate, vanillin, and lactic acid. The following stable isotopes were obtained from AromaLAB (Freising, Germany): [¹³C₄] 2,3-butanedione, [¹³C₁] acetic acid, [²H₂] 3-methyl-1-butanol, [²H₉] ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, [²H₅] phenylacetaldehyde, [²H₅] 2-phenylethanol, [²H₃] vanillin, and [²H₈] naphthalene.

Szudera-Kończal K., Myszka K., Kubiak P., Drabińska N, & Majcher M.A. (2023). The Combined Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Galactomyces geotrichum Fermentation on the Aroma Composition of Sour Whey. Molecules, 28(11), 4308.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For macrophage differentiation assays, THP-1 cells were cultured for 72 hours in the presence of 50ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or 50% conditioned media, as indicated. For polarization assays, following incubation in the presence of PMA, adherent THP-1 cells were washed and differentiation media was replaced with fresh supplemented RPMI with or without 50% conditioned media. Conditioned media was isolated from ~80–90% confluent established pancreatic cancer cell lines 72 hours post-split, or post-transfection, centrifuged at 4000 RPM for 10 minutes, and filtered with a 0.45 micron syringe filter to remove contaminating cells and debris before use. For proteinase K and lactic acid experiments, following conditioned media collection, samples were treated with proteinase K (50μg/ml) for 30 minutes at 37°C followed by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 5mM) for 1 hour at room temperature to inactivate proteinase K. lactic acid (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was added at 8mM. Lactate readings were acquired on an automated electrochemical analyzer (Bioprofile Basic-4 Analyzer, NOVA Biomedical, Waltham, MA).

Hutcheson J., Balaji U., Porembka M.R., Wachsmann M.B., McCue P.A., Knudsen E.S, & Witkiewicz A.K. (2016). Immunological and Metabolic Features of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Define Prognostic Subtypes of Disease. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 22(14), 3606-3617.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Native Gel Electrophoresis of Tau Protein

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The protocol for native gel electrophoresis was an adaptation of previously described methods (39 (link), 72 (link)). The electrophoretic system was comprised of an upper 4% and a lower 8% acrylamide gel (37.5:1 acrylamide/bisacrylamide) containing buffer (30 mM β-alanine [Sigma] and 20 mM lactic acid [Sigma]) that was adjusted to pH 4.4 and 3.8, respectively. The buffers were identical to those used in the respective upper and lower gel compartments of the Mini-Protean III cell (Bio-Rad). Three types of htau40 monomers at 5 μM concentration were employed: reduced, oxidized, and oxidized incubated for 1 h with 20 mM DTT. The proteins were mixed with 2.5× sample buffer (0.01% methyl green [Sigma], 25% glycerol, 75 mM β-alanine, and 55 mM lactic acid) and then loaded onto the gel. The gel was run for 2 h at 250 V with polarity reversed and then stained with Coomassie blue for analysis.

Weismiller H.A., Holub T.J., Krzesinski B.J, & Margittai M. (2021). A thiol-based intramolecular redox switch in four-repeat tau controls fibril assembly and disassembly. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 297(3), 101021.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Lactobacillus fermentum Fermented Milk Production

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The Lactobacillus fermentum strains J20 and J28 were cultured in MRS broth (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe, Difco) for 12 h at 37 °C. Posteriorly, to elaborate the fermented milk, the strains were sub-cultured twice in commercial milk (1% v/v) and incubated for 24 h and 12 h at 37 °C. Then, commercial skimmed milk was inoculated (3% v/v) with the 12-h cultures and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. Finally, the fermented milks (FMs) were placed in a cold water bath or submitted to heat treatment (75 °C, 15 min) to obtain pasteurized fermented milk (PFM), which was subsequently submersed in a cold water bath to inactivate bacteria. The samples were stored at 4 °C. A control pH treatment was prepared with acidified milk (AM) by adding 800 µL of lactic acid (~90%, Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico City, Mexico) to skimmed milk to obtain a similar lactic acid concentration as FM.

Santiago-López L., Hernández-Mendoza A., Mata-Haro V., Vallejo-Córdoba B., Wall-Medrano A., Astiazarán-García H., Estrada-Montoya M.D, & González-Córdova A.F. (2018). Effect of Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum on the Inflammatory Response in Mice. Nutrients, 10(8), 1039.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Erythrocyte Oxygen Flux Under Hypoxia

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

High-resolution respirometry, an Oroboros Oxygraph-2 K (Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria), was used to measure the O₂ pressure (mmHg) and O₂ flux per volume (pmol·s⁻¹·mL⁻¹) of erythrocytes at 0-, 1-, and 4 mM lactate during hypoxia (PO₂ = 20 ± 3 mmHg) and normoxia (PO₂ = 147 ± 3 mmHg) in HBSS medium, respectively. Hypoxic conditions were prepared by gassing with nitrogen (N₂) gas. After heating at 37 °C and equilibration and calibration for the target PO₂ conditions, 2 × 10⁶ isolated erythrocytes were added, and after the signaling stabilized, 2 and 6 µL of 1 M lactic acid (Sigma) were sequentially added to form 1 and 4 mM lactic acid environments to simulate the rest and lactate threshold conditions, respectively (Figure S1). All samples were analyzed in triplicate, and the intraassay CV was 3.9 ± 0.8%.

Huang Y.C., Cheng M.L., Tang H.Y., Huang C.Y., Chen K.M, & Wang J.S. (2021). Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis. Antioxidants, 10(2), 285.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Tolerance of Microorganisms to Environmental Factors

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Initially, experimental trials were carried out with three temperature levels (30, 37, and 45 °C) to measure the effect of biomass growth on this variable and select the best condition. Subsequently, with the chosen temperature, microbial growth was evaluated by modifying the culture medium at the different levels of the other variables (Table 1): pH, ethanol (Merck <100 %) glucose (Extrapure, TM MEDIA), fructose (TM MEDIA), lactic acid (Sigma 85 %) and acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich >99 %). 3 N HCl was used to adjust the pH to 2, 3, and 5 of each culture broth for pH tolerance evaluation. Ethanol (Merck <100 %) was added at 6, 10, and 12 % to the culture broths; glucose (Extrapure, TM MEDIA) and fructose (TM MEDIA) were added at 5, 15, and 30 %; and finally, lactic acid (Sigma 85 %) and acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich >99 %). were added at 1, 3, and 5 %. Each microorganism was inoculated (1 mL) in its respective culture medium in triplicate and incubated under orbital agitation for 24 h.Table 1

Levels used for the modification of the culture media in the tolerance tests for each microorganism.

Table 1

Conditions		Levels		Number of experiments
Temperature °C	30	37	45	3
pH	2	3	5	3
% Ethanol	6	10	12	3
% Glucose	5	15	30	3
% Fructose	5	15	30	3
% lactic acid	1	3	5	3
% acetic acid	1	3	5	3
Total experiments in triplicate (n = 3):				63

Constante Catuto M.P., Tigrero-Vaca J., Villavicencio-Vasquez M., Montoya D.C., Cevallos J.M, & Coronel-León J. (2024). Evaluation of stress tolerance and design of alternative culture media for the production of fermentation starter cultures in cacao. Heliyon, 10(8), e29900.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Acid Neutralization Capacity of Specimens

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Acid neutralization capacity was analyzed by studying the dynamic pH change of Lactic acid. The size of the specimen used to observe the pH neutralization was 2 × 2 × 25 mm. Lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) was diluted in distilled water to a pH of 4.0 and three specimens were immersed into the buffered Lactic acid solution (2.14 mL). The volume ratio of the specimen and the solution was matched at 0.14:1 as per the previous study [72 (link)]. Changes were detected in real time using a digital pH meter (Orion 4 Star, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Singapore). pH data was collected per min up to 400 min.

Kim J.Y., Choi W., Mangal U., Seo J.Y., Kang T.Y., Lee J., Kim T., Cha J.Y., Lee K.J., Kim K.M., Kim J.M., Kim D., Kwon J.S., Hong J, & Choi S.H. (2021). Multivalent network modifier upregulates bioactivity of multispecies biofilm-resistant polyalkenoate cement. Bioactive Materials, 14, 219-233.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!