Nih3t3

The plant material of H. tuberosus was procured from Buan Dongjin farm, and the material was authenticated by Prof. MH Wang, Kangwon National University. Cell culture media, accessories, chemicals, and other reagents were procured from sigma Aldrich, Korea. The mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) and the hepatoma cell line (HepG2) were procured from Korea cell line bank, Korea.

Gram-negative bacterial human pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori (MH179988) and Shigella toxin producing Escherichia coli (MH180008) were received from the laboratory of Professor Deog-Hwan Oh, College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. The bacterial strains were preserved in 20% glycerol at −80 °C. The chemicals such as dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), trypsin, acridine orange Hemi salt (AO), ethidium bromide (EB) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Republic of Korea. The cell viability proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit (EZ-CYTOX water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) (EZ-CyTox)) was purchased from Daeil Lab Service, Republic of Korea. Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were procured from Thermo Fishers Scientific Seoul, the Republic of Korea. Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit with Annexin V FITC/PI - for Flow Cytometry was purchased from Invitrogen, Thermo fishers scientific, Republic of Korea. Mueller Hinton Broth was obtained from MB cell, Seoul, Republic of Korea. The cell lines such as mouse embryo fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 and human lung carcinoma A549 were received from the Korean cell line bank (Seoul, Republic of Korea). The bark sample of Toxicodendron vernicifluum was collected from Wonju-malgeun-chamott, Wonju city, Republic of Korea.

HaCaT and NIH3T3 cells were purchased from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea) and were grown in DMEM (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) containing 10% FBS, 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. Human podocyte cell line [50 (link)] was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) with GlutaMax, 10% FBS, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 1% Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at 33 °C with 10% CO₂ and differentiated at 37 °C with 10% CO₂. Cells were grown in type I collagen-coated flasks.

NIH-3T3 (mouse), H9C2 (rat), and HepG2 (human) were purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB, Seoul, Korea) and cultured in high glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Welgene, Daegu, Korea) containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S, Welgene). Primary human EPCs and human CPCs were provided by S.M. Kwon (IRB No. 05-2-15-133, Pusan University, Pusan, Korea). The hEPCs were cultured in EC basal medium 2 (EBM-2MV, Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA) containing 5% FBS, EGM-2-MV Bullet Kit, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The hCPCs were cultured in Ham’s F12 medium (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 0.005 U/mL human erythropoietin (hEPO, R & D system, Minneapolis, MN, USA), 5 ng/mL human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF, PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), and 0.2 mM L-glutathione reduced (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). All cell lines were cultured at 37 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The logarithmic cells were harvested before performing each experiment.

EGF, curcumin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthoazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. louis, MO, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), olive oil, oleic acid, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), Tween 80, and Tween 20 were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Pyungtaek, Korea). Stearic acid was provided from Daejung Chemical (Cheongwon, Korea). Precirol ATO 5, Compritol 888 ATO, Capryol 90, Capryol PGMC, Labrafac CC, Labrafil M 1944 CS, Peceol, Lauroglycol FCC, Labrafac WL 1349, and Cremophor EL were obtained from Gattefossé (Saint Priest, Cedex, France). Lutrol F-68 (poloxamer 188) and Lutrol F-127 (poloxamer 407) were provided by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). NIH 3T3 and HaCaT cells were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin, and trypsin–EDTA were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Methanol was obtained from JT baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).