S 4800 electron microscope

SEM elemental analysis was
carried out for Fe³⁺Ag⁰₂@MOF using a HITACHI S-4800 electron microscope coupled with an EDX detector.
Data was analyzed with QUANTAX 400.

To control the evaporation rate of solvent from MPs, multiple process conditions were tested including sonication time and total sample volume (50, 100, and 200 mL; 5 v/v% of polymer stock solution). Specifically, the sample temperature was measured after a continuous sonication (sonication cycle on throughout) at R.T. (i.e., no external temperature control) and in iced water for varying total sonication time durations (5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min). Morphologies of MPs prepared by sonicating 100 mL of samples for 5, 30, and 60 min were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM; S4800 Electron Microscope; Hitachi, Japan) to investigate the effect of sample temperature on the pore forming properties of MPs.

The morphology of the MPs was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM; S4800 Electron Microscope; Hitachi, Japan). The pore-particle size ratio of the MPs (acquired from 300 measurements) was measured from the image analysis using Adobe Photoshop CS3. The image analysis was performed to study the effects of the fabrication protocol on the samples, the effects of solvent evaporation on the pore formation or pore extension in MPs, and to evaluate the pore closure efficiency of the freeze-drying process. The SEM images were also used for measuring the number ratio of the number of pored particles divided by the total number of particles to monitor the effect of the solvent evaporation process on the extension or formation of the surface pores on MPs. In a typical procedure, MPs in the powder form were placed uniformly on a double-sided carbon tape. The sample was coated with a 7-nm gold layer to minimize the charging effect and observed at 15 kV (20 µA). To observe the pH-dependent change in morphology of MPs, 40 µL of the sample solution obtained at each time interval. This solution was carefully dropped on a glass coverslip and the major portion of the water was quickly removed by a filter paper using the blotting technique, and the sample was further dried in a fume hood at RT.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were recorded in the range of 10° to 80° (2θ) on a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer using Cu-Kα radiation (Tokyo, Japan). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained using a Hitachi S-4800 electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan). The elemental composition of the samples was measured by an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) attached to a scanning electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan). The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the samples were taken on a JEOL JSM-3010 microscope (Tokyo, Japan). N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms were examined on a Quantachrome Quadrasorb SI apparatus at 77 K (Boynton Beach, FL, USA).

Bacteria E. coli ATCC 25922 were incubated with SibaCec (1 × MIC) diluted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C for 45 min. Bacteria incubated with PBS was used as negative control. After centrifugation, bacteria pellets were fixed with 2.5 % glutaraldehyde solution for 2 h at 4 °C and then postfixed in 1 % osmium tetroxide for 2 h. Dehydration was carried out with a graded series of alcohols. Bacteria were mounted onto aluminium stubs and sputtered with gold. Images were visualized in a Hitachi S-4800 electron microscope.

Preparation of E11.5 CRE-negative control, Tfap2^HET and Tfap2^NCKO littermate heads and imaging was performed as previously described (Van Otterloo et al., 2022 (link)). Briefly, samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and then rinsed in 1×PBS. Subsequently, samples were rinsed in deionized H₂O, air-dried for at least 3 days, mounted on a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) stub, and sputter coated for 4.5 min at 5 mA using a gold/palladium target in an Emitech K550X sputter coater. Scanning electron micrographs were acquired using a Hitachi S4800 electron microscope operated in high-vacuum mode at 1.8 kV. Imaging was performed through the University of Iowa Central Microscopy Research Facility workflow.

Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy techniques were employed for the ultrastructural analysis of particulated cartilage embedded in PRGF. Briefly, the samples collected at one-week intervals were rinsed with PBS, fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde in a 0.1 M cacodylate buffer for 4 h and washed 3 times in a cacodylate-sucrose buffer (0.1 M cacodylate, 6.5% sucrose, pH 7.4). Subsequently, the samples were post-fixed with osmium tetroxide (1% OsO₄ in 0.1 M cacodylate) for 1 h at 4 °C in the dark and washed in 0.1 M cacodylate. Finally, the samples were dehydrated using increasing ethanol concentrations (30, 50, 70, 96, and 100%). At this point, the samples were separated for each of the two imaging techniques (SEM and TEM) and processed independently. For SEM, the samples were incubated twice in hexamethyldisilazane for 10 min and allowed to dry prior to examination with a Hitachi S-4800 electron microscope. For TEM imaging, the samples were incubated in propylene oxide for 1 h, then in increasing concentrations of Epon resin, and finally embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined using a Philips EM208S electron microscope.