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Tissue grinder

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Sao Tome and Principe, Netherlands

The Tissue Grinder is a laboratory equipment designed to homogenize and grind various types of tissue samples. It efficiently breaks down the structure of the tissue, facilitating the extraction and analysis of cellular components, proteins, or other biomolecules. The Tissue Grinder is a versatile tool used in a wide range of life science applications, including cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology research.

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6 protocols using tissue grinder

1

Placental Biopsy Sampling and RNA Extraction

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As previously reported18 (link), placental biopsies were collected after vaginal or cesarean delivery. Blocks of 2–4 cm were taken from the placental parenchyma, briefly washed in phosphate buffer saline, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at − 80 °C until RNA isolation. Half of each biopsy was homogenized in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) on ice with a tissue grinder (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) and purified with RNeasy microkit columns (Qiagen, Netherlands). Purity and concentration of isolated total RNA was measured using Nanodrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) and RNA integrity number (RIN) was estimated using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, USA). Placental biopsies available for this study include 13 PE and 107 controls.
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2

Tissue Homogenization and Protein Extraction

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Gastrocnemius and liver (50 mg) were homogenized in 400μl lysis buffer (20 mM Hepes, 350 mM NaCl, 20% (v/v) glycerol, 1% (v/v) Nonidet P-40, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM EGTA, pH 7.9) supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) using a Potter-Elvehjem tissue grinder placed on ice. Homogenates were then centrifuged at 10 000g for 5 min and supernatants stored at -80°C for further analysis. Protein content was measured by using the Bradford method (BioRad Laboratories) and BSA as standard (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). Homogenates were diluted with lysis buffer to a final concentration of 30μg/ml.
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3

Placental Transcriptome Isolation and RNA-Seq

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Blocks of 2–4 cm were taken from the placental parenchyma, briefly washed in phosphate buffer saline, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in − 80 °C until homogenization. Half of the biopsy was homogenized in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) on ice with a tissue grinder (Sigma Aldrich). Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) and purified with RNeasy microkit columns (Qiagen, Netherlands) as previously published25 (link). The electropherograms from the bioanalyzer and RIN values showed satisfying RNA quality, as previously published25 (link). Samples chosen for RNAseq were of satisfying quality with a small percentage of contamination by maternal decidual and nucleated blood cells (~ 2%). Furthermore, the most abundantly expressed genes identified in the term placenta were ones known to be involved in placental function, with good overlap with transcripts identified in previous studies.
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4

Placental Biopsy RNA Extraction

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As previously reported (17) , placental biopsies were collected after vaginal or cesarean delivery. Blocks of 2-4 cm were taken from the placental parenchyma, briefly washed in phosphate buffer saline, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80 °C until RNA isolation. Half of the biopsy was homogenized in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) on ice with a tissue grinder (Sigma Aldrich).
Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) and purified with RNeasy microkit columns (Qiagen, Netherlands). Purity and concentration of isolated total RNA was measured using Nanodrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) and RNA integrity number (RIN) was estimated using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, USA).
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5

Cardiac Nuclei Isolation and scRNA-seq

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Cardiac tissues were excised from Cdh5-CreERT2;Pdgfrbfl/fl and Pdgfrbfl/fl mice, cut into small pieces, and homogenized using a tissue grinder (Sigma, D8938) in isolation buffer (0.32 M sucrose, 5 mM CaCl2, 3 mM MgAC2, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1% Triton X-100, and 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0) supplemented with cOmplete protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, 11697498001). Tissues were processed with homogenizers pestle A for 15 strokes and pestle B for 25 strokes to release the nuclei, followed by filtration with a 40-μm Flowmi cell strainer (SPBel-Art, H13680–0040), centrifugation at 500 × g for 5 min at 4 °C, and washing with 0.01% BSA in PBS. The nuclei were counted and diluted to 700–1,200 nuclei/μl and analyzed followed by a 3’ GEX library protocol (10x Genomics, V3.1) for single-nuclei RNA-seq at the next-generation sequencing core at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Data were analyzed using CellRanger software 6.1.2 (10x Genomics) and a pipeline that produces sparse numerical matrices for each sample, with gene-level counts of unique molecular identifiers (UMI) identified for all single cells passing default quality control metrics. These gene expression matrices were processed with Seurat 4.0 and Monocle3 R package 54 (link).
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6

Placental Transcriptome in Pregnancy Disorders

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Placental biopsies were collected after vaginal or cesarean delivery. One biopsy was taken per placenta. The STORK study set included 475 placental samples, with good RNA quality, in which 19 were from women with PE, 103 with GDM, and 353 controls (overview, Supplemental, Fig. 1). Blocks of 2–4 cm were taken from the placental parenchyma, briefly washed in phosphate buffer saline, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C until RNA isolation. Half of the biopsy was homogenized in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) on ice with a tissue grinder (Sigma Aldrich). Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) and purified with RNeasy microkit columns (Qiagen, Netherlands). Purity and concentration of isolated total RNA was measured using Nanodrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) and RNA integrity number (RIN) was estimated using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, USA). RNA samples with a RIN <4 were excluded from subsequent RNAseq and qPCR analysis46 (link).
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