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7 protocols using pimelic acid

1

Analytical Standards for Metabolomics

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Methanol and deionized water of LC-MS grade was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid (extra pure grade) was purchased from Duksan (Seoul, Korea). Analytical grade reference compounds, l-acetylcarnitine, azelaic acid, ophthalmic acid, uric acid, suberic acid, ε-(γ-glutamyl)-lysine, and pimelic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Deionized water for sample preparation was obtained using Milli-Q (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
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2

Fluoroquinolone and Dicarboxylic Acid Protocol

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Ciprofloxacin,
norfloxacin, enrofloxacin,
suberic acid, azeliac acid, and sebacic acid were obtained from Tokyo
Chemical Industry (TCI, Europe). Glutaric acid, adipic acid, and pimelic
acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The solvents methanol, acetonitrile
(Merck Millipore), ethyl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich), acetone (Fisher
Scientific), ethanol (Fisher Scientific), propylene glycol (TCI, Europe),
and polyethylene glycol 400 (Sigma-Aldrich) were analytical grade
and used as received.
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3

Isotactic Polypropylene with Nucleating Agents

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An isotactic polypropylene Moplen HP500 N (Basell Orlen, Plock, Poland), a non-nucleated injection molding grade, without nucleating agents was used as a matrix polymer. The characteristic values of this polymer are following: MFR (210 °C, 2.16 kg) = 12 g/10 min; MFV (210 °C, 2.16 kg) = 16 cm3/10 min, density 0.90 g/cm3, HDT = 97 °C and the flexural modulus Eb = 1.48 GPa.
The 1,3:2,4- Bis (3,4-dimetylobenzylideno) sorbitol (DMDBS) Millad 3988 produced by Milliken Chemical (Gent, Belgium) was used as specific α nucleation agent, leading to creation of monoclinic crystallographic form of iPP.
According to our previous studies and to a number of publications [43 (link),44 (link),45 (link),46 (link),47 (link),48 (link),49 (link)], a 1:1 mixture of pimelic acid and calcium stearate (PACS) (both delivered by Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany)) in a powder form, was used as specific nucleating agent, leading to formation of the β hexagonal phase of iPP.
The composition of samples is presented in Table 2.
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4

Characterization of Organic Acids and Compounds

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The following chemicals, including their sources, purity, and CAS numbers, were used: citric acid monohydrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 5949-29-1; ᴅʟ-malic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 6915-15-7; ᴅʟ-isocitric acid, trisodium salt hydrate, Acros Organics, 95%, 1637-73-6; ᴅʟ-lactic acid, TCI, >85%, 50-21-5; ᴅʟ-glyceric acid, TCI, 20% in water (ca. 2 mol/L), 473-81-4; ᴅʟ-tartaric acid, TCI, >99%, 133-37-9; glutaric acid, Acros Organics, 99% 110-94-1; tricarballylic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 99-14-9; adipic acid, Sigma, 99%, 124-04-9; acetic acid, Sigma, ACS grade, 64-19-7; pimelic acid, Alfa Aesar; >98%, 111-16-0; succinic acid, TCI, >99%, 110-15-6; tartronic acid, Sigma, >97%, 80-69-3; sodium mesoxalate monohydrate, Chemodex, >98%, 31635-99-1; ᴅʟ-2-hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt, Alfa Aesar, >97%, 5094-24-6; ᴅʟ-3-hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt, Chem Impex Int’l Inc., 100.3%, 150-83-4/306-31-0; ascorbic acid, TCI, >99%, 50-81-7; ammonium nitrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 6484-52-2; sodium nitrate, VWR, ACS grade, 7631-99-4; sodium hydroxide, VWR, ACS grade, 1310-73-2; nitric acid, Sigma, ACS grade, 7697-37-2; and sodium azide, Sigma, 99.8%, 26628-22-8. Lacey carbon, 300 mesh, copper grids (product #01895) from Ted Pella, Inc. were used for electron microscopy.
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5

Screening Organic Acids and Peroxidase Activity

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The chemicals, their sources, purity, and CAS #s were: adipic acid, TCI, ≥ 99%, 124-04-9; ammonium nitrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 6484-52-2; citric acid monohydrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 5949-29-1; DL-3-hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt, Chem Impex Int’l Inc., 100.30%, 150-83-4 & 306-31-0; DL-malic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 6915-15-7; glutaric acid, Acros organics, 99%, 110-94-1; hydrogen peroxide 3% W/W, BDH chemicals, 7722-84-1; horseradish peroxide type II, Sigma, 150-250 U/mg, 9003-99-0; lactic acid, TCI, ≥ 85%, 50-21-5; pimelic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98+%, 111-16-0; sodium acetate, VWR, ACS grade, 127-09-3; sodium azide, Sigma, 99.8%, 26628-22-8; sodium nitrate, BDH chemicals, ACS grade, 7631-99-4; succinic acid, TCI America, ≥ 99%,110-15-6; and tricarballylic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 99-14-9. For electron microscopy, hexagonal copper square grids with 200 mesh carbon support film from Electron Microscopy Sciences were used. Pierce Biotechnology’s 2 kD MWCO Slide-A-Lyzer™ dialysis cassettes were used.
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6

Analytical Characterization of Organic Compounds

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The chemicals, their sources, purity, and CAS numbers were adipic acid,
TCI, ≥ 99%, 124-04-9; ammonium nitrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 6484-52-2;
citric acid monohydrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 5949-29-1; DL-3-hydroxybutyric acid
sodium salt, Chem Impex Int’l Inc., 100.30%, 150-83-4 & 306-31-0;
DL-malic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 6915-15-7; glutaric acid, Acros organics,
99%,110-94-1; hydrogen peroxide 3% W/W, BDH chemicals, 7722-84-1; horseradish
peroxide type II, Sigma, 150-250 U/mg, 9003-99-0; lactic acid, TCI, ≥
85%, 50-21-5; pimelic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98+%, 111-16-0; sodium acetate, VWR, ACS
grade, 127-09-3; sodium azide, Sigma, 99.8%, 26628-22-8; sodium nitrate, BDH
chemicals, ACS grade, 7631-99-4; succinic acid, TCI America, ≥
99%,110-15-6; and tricarballylic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 99-14-9. The electron
microscopy grids were 200 mesh carbon support film on hexagonal copper square
grids from Electron Microscopy Sciences. Pierce Biotechnology’s 2 kD MWCO
Slide-A-Lyzer™ dialysis cassettes were used. Trace metal grade
concentrated nitric acid was from Fisher. ICP/DCP Ce ion standard solution was
from Aldrich.
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7

Ciprofloxacin Formulation Optimization

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Materials: Ciprofloxacin base, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and pimelic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Methanol was obtained from Fisher-Scientific Limited (Leicestershire, UK). All chemicals were used as received.
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