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5 protocols using anti 4 hne

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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To analyze the protein expression, western blot analysis was performed as previously described.47 (link), 49 (link) The primary antibodies to Nrf2, HDAC1, SIRT1, SIRT6, and AMPK were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-LKB1 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma, MO, USA), anti-HO-1, anti-NQO-1, anti-CAT, anti-IKK, anti-IκBα, anti-β-Klotho, anti-CTGF, and anti-TGF-β were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-p65, anti-caspase-8, anti-caspase-3, anti-PARP, anti-Bax, anti-Bcl-2, anti-FGFR1, and anti-acetylated-lysine were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-3-NT was from Millipore (Billerica, CA, USA), and anti-4-HNE was from Alpha Diagnostic International (San Antonio, TX, USA). After three washes with Tris-buffered saline (pH 7.2) containing 0.05% Tween 20, the membrane was reacted with appropriate secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. Finally, the probed proteins were stained with enhanced chemiluminescence reagent and visualized using the BIO-RAD ChemiDoc Touch Imaging System (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA).
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2

Metabolic and Protein Analysis in Skeletal Muscle

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Creatine, ATP, and PCr concentrations in tibialis anterior was measured
as previously described [59 (link)] using HPLC.
Myoglobin and hemoglobin were measured in tibialis anterior by first separating
proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue as
previously described [59 (link)]. For protein
extracts: snap frozen gastrocnemius was pulverized in CellLytic MT (Sigma C3228)
with phosphatase and protease inhibitors using a bullet blender (Next Advance
BBX24B) and centrifuge separated to remove cytoskeletal components. Protein
extracts were separated using SDS-PAGE precast gels (Criterion #3450034). For
Western blots: ETS complexes were blotted for measurement using a Total OXPHOS
Rodent WB antibody cocktail (abcam #ab110413), HNE protein adducts were blotted
for measurement using Anti-4 HNE (Alpha Diagnostic Intl. Inc. #HNE12-S)
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Testis Oxidative Stress Markers

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Western blot was performed using testis tissue as described in our previous study [38 (link)]. The primary antibodies included anti-3-NT (Millipore, Temecula, CA, USA; 1 : 1,000), anti-4-HNE (Alpha Diagnostic, San Antonio, TX, USA; 1 : 3,000), anti-Actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1 : 2,000), anti-ATF4 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, 1 : 1000), anti-Bax (Cell Signaling Technology, 1 : 1000), anti-Bcl-2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1 : 2,000), anti-caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1 : 1000), anti-caspase-8 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1 : 1000), anti-caspase-12 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1 : 1000), anti-CHOP (Cell Signaling Technology, 1 : 1000), anti-Histone H3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1 : 500), anti-IL-6 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1 : 1000), anti-NRF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1 : 1000), anti-TNF-α (Abcam, 1 : 2,000), and anti-VCAM-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1 : 500)
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4

Immunoblotting Analysis of 4-HNE Protein Adducts

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Samples from all time points were resuspended in a lysis buffer consisting of 1% (w/v)
urea, 2 M thiourea, and 40 mM Tris (pH 10.4) at a final concentration of 20 x 10 6 /100 µL and incubated for 1 h (4°C) with constant rotation. After centrifugation (18,000 xg, 15 min, 4°C), the supernatant was recovered and total protein was quantified using a 2-D quant kit (G.E.
Healthcare, Sydney, Australia) following manufacturer's protocol. Samples were then used for immunoblotting.
Immunoblotting was carried out as described elsewhere (53). Essentially, 30 g of protein was loaded into SDS-PAGE and the samples run until the lowest mass pre-stained marker reached the bottom of the gel. Transfer to nitrocellulose occurred by running the samples at 350 mA for 60 min. Proteins transferred onto the nitrocellulose membrane were blocked (3% BSA-TBST), and then incubated with the polyclonal antibody anti-4-HNE (Alpha Diagnostics, San Antonio, USA) diluted 1:1000 in TBS containing 1% (w/v) BSA and 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20. The secondary goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate was used at a concentration of 1:1000 in TBS containing 1% (w/v) BSA and 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20. Stripping of the blots was performed as described elsewhere, and they were blotted again with antiubulin (1:1000) as a mean of loading control [50] .
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5

Comprehensive Kidney Protein Analysis

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Western blot was performed using kidney cortex as described in our previous study [25 (link)]. The primary antibodies were anti-KEAP1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA; 1:1,000), anti-NRF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:1,000), anti-Histone H3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:500), anti-4-HNE (Alpha Diagnostic, San Antonio, TX, USA; 1:3, 000), anti-3-NT (Millipore, Temecula, CA, USA; 1:1,000), anti-TGF-β1 (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA, USA; 1:500), anti-COL4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1:500), anti-FN (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:500), anti-Smad7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:1,000), anti-Smad3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:1,000), anti-p-Smad3 (Cell Signaling; 1:500), anti-p-JNK (Cell Signaling; 1:500), anti-PDCD4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:1,000), anti-t-JNK (Cell Signaling; 1:1,000), anti-Actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:2,000) and anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:3,000). These antibodies were routinely validated when they arrived from suppliers with previous positive tissues that had been defined either based on the knockout or overexpression of the target protein.
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