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5 protocols using diammonium salt of 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid

1

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Biosensing

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Poly(acrylic acid)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs, 100 nm hydrodynamic diameter) were purchased from Chemicell GmbH Inc. (Berlin, Germany). Equine heart Mb, H2O2, diammonium salt of 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS], tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), toluidine blue O (TBO), 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Sigma. High purity graphite disk electrodes (HPGs, geometric area 0.2 cm2) were purchased from McMaster-Carr (Atlanta, GA, USA). All other chemicals were of high purity analytical grade.
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2

Comprehensive Analytical Characterization

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All the chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Water and n-hexane were purchased from Thomas Scientific (Philadelphia, PA, USA) and Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA), respectively. All the other chemicals and reagents including methanol, anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), boron trifluoride-methanol (BF3-MeOH) solution, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, L-ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, diammonium salt of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and standards of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Phytochemical Extraction and Antioxidant Evaluation

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Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, methanol, ethanol, glacial acetic acid, formalin, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium persulfate, hydrochloric acid, and ferric(III) chloride were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The diammonium salt of 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB), p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, chlorogenic acid, floroglucinol, quercetin 3-rutinoside, and quercetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Anthocyanins and Isoflavones

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All the chemicals and reagents used in the present study were of analytical grade (purity > 98.9%). Anthocyanin reference standards including cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside were purchased from PhytoLab (Bavaria, Germany). Isoflavone standards including malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin acetylgenistin, acetylglycitin, and acetyldaidzin were purchased from Synthose (Ontario, Canada) while malonylglycitin was purchased from Fujifilm (Osaka, Japan). HPLC-grade solvents including water and methanol were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Swedesboro, NJ, USA). Acetonitrile and acetic acid were purchased from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. The remaining reference standards and reagents including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, daidzein, daidzin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, glycitin, hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetone, ethanol, formic acid, gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, L-ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, diammonium salt of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH∙), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA).
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5

Antioxidant Activity of Rice Bran Compounds

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γ-Oryzanol was purchased from Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. (Ichinomiya, Japan). Tocopherol and tocotrienol were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The individual polycosanol standards, 5α-cholestane, β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, diammonium salt of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), diammonium salt of 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 5,5’-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), potassium ferricyanide, potassium persulfate, and trichloroacetic acid were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
HepG2 cells were obtained from the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (Daejeon, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, and trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Rice bran provided by the Rural Development Administration of Korea (Wanju, Korea) was heated at 100°C for 30 min.
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