Hdac6 sirna

Tubastatin A was purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). Antibodies to p-STAT3 (Tyr-705), STAT3, p-Smad3 (Ser423/425), Smad3, p-EGFR (Tyr1068), p-NF-κB (Ser536), NF-κB, Histone H3, Acetyl Histone H3 (Lys9), Acetyl α-tubulin (Lys40) and HDAC6 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies to collagen I (A2), E-cadherin, TGF-βRI, CD68, EGFR, VEGF, CD31 and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) as well as HDAC6 siRNA were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibody to β-actin was purchased from TransGen Biotech (Beijing, China). TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MCP-1, IL-6 and TGF-β1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). α-SMA, DMSO and other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

10d and 10e were synthesized as we reported before; they were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide for biological testing^{2 (link)}. The purity (more than 98%) was determined using HPLC with a Hitachi UV detector L-2400 (Tokyo, Japan). MG132 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, MS-275, and tubacin were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). Antibodies to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase(PARP), pro-caspase-3, and caspase-8 were obtained from BD Biosciences; to β-actin, Bid, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bax (6A7), Ku70 (A-9), c-Flip, and Bax were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); to procaspas-9, cleaved caspase-9, Bim, Puma, CHOP, FoxO3a, ERK, p-ERK, eIF4E, p-eIF4E, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, 4E-BP1, p-4E-BP1, p70S6K, p-p70S6K(Thr³⁸⁹), GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β(Ser⁹), Acetyl-α-Tubulin, Bax, Bak, acetylated lysine, and γ-H2AX were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Berverly, MA, USA); to Noxa and Ku70 were obtained from Abcam, Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA); to acetyl-Histone H3 was from Active Motif. (Carlsbad, CA, USA), to Bak (Ab-1) was obtained from Merck Millipore (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Noxa, Bak, Bax, HDAC3, HDAC6 siRNA, and a control siRNA were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.