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4 protocols using gibco dulbecco s modified eagle medium nutrient mixture f12 dmem f12

1

Chitosan-Mediated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

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Tetrachloroauric (III) acid trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.9%), acetic acid (CH3COOH, 99.5%), and ascorbic acid (C6H8O6, 99.7%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Chitosan (CS, (C12H24N2O9)n, >75% deacetylated, Mw 310 000–375 000 Dalton) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and used without post-modification. Collagenase Type 1A, fetal bovine serum (FBS), l-glutamine, (4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid) (HEPES. 99.5%), anti-vimentin/anti-cytokeratin 19 anti-bodies, amphotericin B, penicillin G, and streptomycin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Gibco Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: nutrient mixture F12 (DMEM/F12) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Chemicals are analytical grade and used without further purification, and the deionized water (conductivity below 4.3 μS cm−1) was used in all the aqueous phase experiments.
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2

Establishment and Culturing of CCA and NK-92 Cells

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CCA cell lines including KKU055 (JCRB1551), KKU100 (JCRB1568), and KKU213A (JCRB1557) cells were originated from the CCA patients residing in opisthorchiasis endemic areas in the Northeastern Thailand. These cell lines were established by the researchers at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, and deposited at the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (JCRB Cell Bank), where we obtained for our studies. The CCA cells were cultured in Gibco Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 37 °C under a humidified 5% CO2. NK-92 cells obtained from ATCC (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-α Modification supplemented with 12.5% horse serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.02 mM inositol, 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.02 mM folic acid, 100–200 U/mL recombinant IL-2 (R & D system, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and 12.5% fetal bovine serum.
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Isolation and Culture of cBM-MSCs

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For cBM-MSCs isolation, the aspirated bone marrow was mixed with 10 mL Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA) as a washing solution. After centrifugation at 300 rpm for 15 min, the supernatant, solution above the white ring layer lied over red blood cell, was gently discarded. The second wash with 20 mL HBSS was performed at 1,000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant was gently discarded. The pellet was gently resuspended with 10 mL Gibco™ Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine, and 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA). Cells were seeded in T-75 Corning® treated tissue culture flasks (Corning, USA) containing pre-warmed culture medium and subsequently incubated under 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37°c condition. The culture medium, 10% FBS-DMEM/F12, was replaced every 48 h. Cells were subcultured once the confluence reached 80% using 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA). Cells in passage 2–5 were used for the experiments.
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Cultivation of Thai CCA Cell Lines

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Human CCA cell lines, KKU-213A, KKU-100 and KKU-055 were a kind gift from the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. The cells were purchased from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (JCRB, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan). KKU-213A, KKU-100 and KKU-055 were originally established from primary tumors of Thai CCA patients in which KKU-213A [26 (link)] was described as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma whereas KKU-100 and KKU-055 was characterized as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma [52 (link)]. The cells were cultured in Gibco Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and incubated 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator.
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