The morphologies of the electrospun fiber membranes, lignin/PPy filament fibers, and lignin-based carbon fiber/PPy composites were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SU8010, Hitachi, Japan). X-ray diffractometry (XRD, Ultima IV, Rigaku, Japan) was carried out to study the crystallographic information of the sample. TG-DTA (TG209F3, Netzsch, Germany) was tested under air to analyze the composition ration of the samples. The chemical groups were characterized with a PerkinElmer Frontier Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer.
Frontier fourier transform infrared
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
The Frontier Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is a laboratory instrument used for the analysis of chemical compounds. It measures the absorption of infrared radiation by the sample, providing information about its molecular structure and composition.
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4 protocols using frontier fourier transform infrared
1
Characterization of Lignin-Based Composites
2
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanomaterials
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A Kratos AXIS Ultra HAS
spectrometer was employed to perform the X-ray photoelectron spectra
(XPS) analysis. A Lambda 35 (Perkin Elmer) UV–vis spectrophotometer
and Synergy MX multimode microplate reader (Bio Tek) were employed
to record the UV–vis and FL spectra, respectively. A Perkin
Elmer Frontier Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to obtain
the FTIR spectra. The TEM images were obtained after drying of 5 μL
nanoparticles (NPs) suspension on a cooper grid (300 mesh) followed
by analyzing using a Zeiss-EM10C system. The HR-TEM images and the
selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns were obtained by
an FEI Tecnai G2 F20 TEM brochure device. A Bruker 400
MHz was considered to obtain 1H NMR spectra. Hydrodynamic
sizes and zeta-potentials were measured by Nano ZS90 (Brookhaven Inst.
Corp.).
spectrometer was employed to perform the X-ray photoelectron spectra
(XPS) analysis. A Lambda 35 (Perkin Elmer) UV–vis spectrophotometer
and Synergy MX multimode microplate reader (Bio Tek) were employed
to record the UV–vis and FL spectra, respectively. A Perkin
Elmer Frontier Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to obtain
the FTIR spectra. The TEM images were obtained after drying of 5 μL
nanoparticles (NPs) suspension on a cooper grid (300 mesh) followed
by analyzing using a Zeiss-EM10C system. The HR-TEM images and the
selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns were obtained by
an FEI Tecnai G2 F20 TEM brochure device. A Bruker 400
MHz was considered to obtain 1H NMR spectra. Hydrodynamic
sizes and zeta-potentials were measured by Nano ZS90 (Brookhaven Inst.
Corp.).
3
FTIR Spectroscopy of Samples
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Infrared spectra were collected with a Harrick Split-pea ATR microscope interfaced to a Perkin-Elmer Frontier Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. This accessory employed a silicon internal reflection element (IRE) and the standard deuterium triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector on the Frontier macro bench. The spectra collected using this device represent the average of 32 individual scans possessing a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1. The samples were brought into intimate contact with the IRE using a loading of 0.5 kg [36 (link)].
4
FTIR Analysis of Insect Exoskeletons
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All spectra were recorded at 4 cm -1 resolution with 16 scans on a Perkin-Elmer Frontier Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), in the wavenumber range 4000 to 450 cm -1 . The spectrometer was equipped with a Diffuse Reflectance accessory, which permits DRIFT measurements with high sensitivity on powders. All spectra were corrected by the Kubelka-Munk function. A background spectrum was measured for pure KBr. Sample spectra were automatically ratioed against background to minimize CO2 and H2O bands. Correlation coefficients between two spectra of the same samples were about 99%. The dorsal shield and the ventral zone were mechanically separated in adult samples, immersed in 3% NaClO for 1 h to remove organic contaminants, rinsed with Milli-Q water, dried, and ground into powder.
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