Allopurinol

Manufactured by Selleck Chemicals

Sourced in China, United States

Allopurinol is a laboratory chemical used as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. It functions by reducing the production of uric acid in the body.

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Lab products found in correlation

β actin 3700, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Flag f3165, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Vegfa sc 152, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Cmc na, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Diphenyleneiodonium dpi, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lipopolysaccharides (lps), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Z wehd fmk, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Flagellin, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Carbenoxolone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ie dap, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Acridine orange, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cycloheximide (chx), by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Ang 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Endothelial cell medium (ecm), by ScienCell (1 mentions) Leupeptin, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Chloroquine, by GLPBIO (1 mentions) Vascular endothelial cell growth kit vegf, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) L name, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Mg132, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)

4 protocols using allopurinol

Optimized Allopurinol and Cisplatin Protocol

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The FDA-approved drug library and allopurinol were purchased from Selleck Chemicals. allopurinol was dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for cell experiments. For animal study, allopurinol was dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na, purchased from Selleck Chemicals). Cisplatin was purchased from HANSON Pharma and dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride.
The following antibodies were used in this study: The TMTC3 (sc-398137) and VEGFA (sc-152) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz. The β-actin (3700 S) and STAT3 (8768s) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The HIF-1α (20960-1-AP), IMPDH2 (67663-1-Ig) antibodies were purchased from Proteintech. The p-STAT3 (bs-1658R) antibody was purchased from Bioss. The Flag (F3165) and β-tubulin (T5201) antibodies were purchased from Sigma. The p-JAK2 (ab32101) antibody was purchased from Abcam. The JAK2 (A19629) antibody was purchased from ABclonal Technology.
The siRNAs of IMPDH2 were synthesized by GenePharma (Suzhou, China). The siRNA sequences for IMPDH2 and primers for qPCR were listed in Supplementary Table 1.

Yuan H., Zhao Z., Xu J., Zhang R., Ma L., Han J., Zhao W., Guo M, & Song Y. (2023). Hypoxia-induced TMTC3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma potentiates tumor angiogenesis through Rho GTPase/STAT3/VEGFA pathway. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR, 42, 249.

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Placental Explant Inflammatory Response

Cited 2 times

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Intact FM, chorion, and amnion explants were either untreated (media control) or treated with lipopolysaccharide isolated from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 at 100ng/mL (LPS; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); peptidoglycan isolated from Staphylococcus Aureus at 10μg/mL (PGN; InvivoGen, San Diego, CA); flagellin at 1μg/mL (InvivoGen); L18-MDP, D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid at 100μg/mL (iE-DAP; InvivoGen); or a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide at 10μg/mL (MDP; InvivoGen). Doses were based on previous studies (Hoang et al. 2014 (link), Cross et al. 2017 (link), Potter et al. 2020 (link)). For some experiments, FMs were pre-treated for 1 hour with either the NLRP3 inhibitor 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene (MCC950; 10μM; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI); the pannexin-1 inhibitor, carbenoxolone (10μM; Sigma-Aldrich); the caspase-1 inhibitor, Z-WEHD-FMK (1μM; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; 10μM; Sigma-Aldrich); or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (400 μM; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX). After 24 hours, cell-free culture supernatants were collected and FM tissues snap-frozen, and both then stored at −80°C.

Miller A.S., Hidalgo T.N, & Abrahams V.M. (2021). Human fetal membrane IL-1β production in response to bacterial components is mediated by uric-acid induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Journal of reproductive immunology, 149, 103457.

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Immortalized Endothelial Cell Culture

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Endothelial cells immortalized with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) HUVEC/TERT2 (CRL4053) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, USA) and grown in Vascular Cell Basal Medium (PCS-100-030, ATCC) supplemented with Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Kit-VEGF (PCS-100-041, ATCC). HUVECs were isolated from umbilical cords according to a previously described method and were grown in complete endothelial cell medium (ECM, ScienCell, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with endothelial growth factors, 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Confluent cells were treated with Ang II (10 -7 M; Sigma-Aldrich), HG (25 mM; Sigma-Aldrich), OxLDL (50 μg/mL; Yiyuan Biotechnology, China), allopurinol (100 μM, 2 h pretreated; Selleck, Houston, TX, USA), DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich), acridine orange (5 μg/mL, 15 min; Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher, USA), l-NAME (100 μM, 24 h; Beyotime), MG132 (10 μM, 8 h; Selleck), CHX (50 μg/mL, 6 h; Selleck), chloroquine (100 μM, 2 h pretreated; GlpBio), leupeptin (100 μM, 2 h pretreated; Beyotime), ActD (1 μg/mL; Selleck).

Lin Z., Zhao S., Li X., Miao Z., Cao J., Chen Y., Shi Z., Zhang J., Wang D., Chen S., Wang L., Gu A., Chen F., Yang T., Sun K., Han Y., Xie L., Chen H, & Ji Y. (2023). Cathepsin B S-nitrosylation promotes ADAR1-mediated editing of its own mRNA transcript via an ADD1/MATR3 regulatory axis. Cell research, 33(7).

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Superoxide Measurement via DHE and Mito-SOX

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Before HBO exposure, dihydroethidium (DHE, Thermo-fisher, USA), an agent which can be oxidized by superoxide anion (O 2 -) and exhibit red fluorescence, was used to measure O 2 -in whole-cell [19] . Mitochondrial O 2 -was measured by Mito-SOX (Thermo-fisher, USA) which can specifically target mitochondria. Cells were incubated in HBSS containing 5 μM DHE or 5 μM Mito-SOX for 20 min and washed with PBS twice. Then, cells were treated by phenol red-free DMEM with or without MRC complex II inhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA, Sigma, USA), NOX 1/4 inhibitor GKT 137831 (GKT, Selleck, USA) or XO inhibitor Allopurinol (ALL, Selleck, USA), and delivered for HBO treatment. Immediately following HBO exposure, inverted confocal microscope (SP8, Leica, Germany), microplate reader (Hybrid reader Synergy H1, BioTek, USA) and flow cytometer (Cytoflex, Beckman Coulter, USA) were applied to acquire fluorescence signals.

Zhou Q., Huang G., Yu X, & Xu W. (2018). A Novel Approach to Estimate ROS Origination by Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure, Targeted Probes and Specific Inhibitors. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 47(5).

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