1 1 3 3 tetraethoxypropan

Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropan, thiobarbituric acid, and heparin were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and were obtained commercially. deAND (Figure 1) was obtained according to a previously described method [21 (link)]. In brief, dried A. paniculata was ground into a fine powder and extracted by 95% ethanol (1:5; w/v) with gentle stirring at room temperature for 24 h. The resulting filtrate was concentrated under a rotatory evaporator and then fractionated between H2O and ethyl acetate (EA) (1:1, v/v). The EA layer was concentrated, and the resulting residue was then mixed with an equal volume of Silica gel (70–230 mesh) and allowed to evaporate until dry. This EA extract was then separated with different gradient solvent systems in Silica gel, and the resulting solvent was crystallized. The crystals were dissolved in methanol and separated by a Sephadex LH-20 column and gel filtration, and, finally, they underwent crystallization again. Chemical identity was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometers (MS) and ¹H-NMR. The purity of the deAND used was >98%.

Testosterone, ethoxyresorufin, methoxyresorufin, pentoxyresorufin, resorufin, p-nitrophenol, 4-nitrocatechol, NADPH, glutathione, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, lauric acid, 12-hydroxy lauric acid, diclofenac (sodium salt), chlorzoxazone, dextromethophen, 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropan, thiobarbituric acid, and heparin were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). 6-β-HydroxyTestosterone was purchased from Ultrafine Chemicals (Manchester, UK). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and were obtained commercially.