Carbon super p

Potassium metal (chunks in mineral
oil, 98% trace metals basis), potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF₆, > 99.5%), propylene carbonate (PC, anhydrous, > 99%),
dimethyl
carbonate (DMC, anhydrous, > 99%), hexanes (anhydrous, > 99%),
Sn
(> 99%), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were purchased
from
Sigma-Aldrich. Red phosphorous powder (98.9%) was purchased from Alfa
Aesar. Carbon Super P was purchased from MTI Corporation. Prior to
use, KPF₆ salt was dried in vacuo overnight
at 100 °C before bringing into an Ar-filled glovebox (O₂ < 0.1 ppm, H₂O < 0.5 ppm). All other materials
were used as received.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide (LiTFSI), lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF₆), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate, 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), potassium hydroxide (KOH), PAN and PPS were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. The sulfur (S) powder (325 mesh) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Carbon super P, lithium chips/foil, and carbon coated Al‐foil (Thickness 18 µm) were purchased from MTI Corporation (mtixtl.com) Bucky papers (60 gsm) were obtained from Nanotech Labs, Yadkinville, NC.

Li₂CO₃ (99.99%, trace metals basis), 1 M LiPF₆ in ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC 1:1 v/v, LP30, battery grade), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC, 99%), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, anhydrous, 99.5%), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE, ≥98.0%), and KBr (≥99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Prior to use, FEC was dried over molecular sieves in an Ar-filled glovebox (O₂ <0.1 ppm, H₂O <0.5 ppm) for 48 h. KBr was dried in vacuo at 100°C for 3 days before bringing into the glovebox for use. All other chemicals were used as received. RuO₂ (99.95%, trace metals basis) was purchased from Alfa Aesar and dried at 300°C for 4 h to remove moisture prior to syntheses. Carbon Super P and polyvinyldene fluoride (PVDF) were purchased from MTI Corporation and used as received. TEKPol was purchased from CortecNet; CDCl₃ was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, both were used as received.