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11 protocols using cu no3 2

1

Synthesis of Glycidylsilane-Functionalized PEG

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Silane coupler WD-60 (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 99%) was purchased from WD Silicone New Material Corporation (Hubei, China). Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), maleic anhydride (99%), Cu(NO3)2, KI solution (10%, w/w), K2Cr2O7 (reference substance, dried at 140 °C for 2 h), Na2S2O3·5H2O solid, Na2CO3 solid, sulfuric acid solution (0.1 mol/L), hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 mol/L), nitric acid (0.1 mol/L), glacial acetic acid, sodium acetate, starch solution (0.5%, v/v), Pb(NO3)2, disodium ethylenediaminetetra acetate (EDTA), dimethoate orange indicator (0.2%, w/w), and methyltetramine buffer solution (20%, w/w) were purchased from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Corporation (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were used as received unless otherwise stated.
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2

Pharmaceutical Sludge Treatment: Heavy Metal Removal

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The experiments were performed with pharmaceutical sludge obtained from a pharmaceutical factory in Taizhou (China). The sludge was extracted from a thickening unit, and stored at 4°C until further usage. The initial characteristics of the sludge were the following: the mixed liquor COD was 15 000~16 000 mg/L, the VSS was 13.5 ~ 13.8 g/L, the SS was 15.8 ~ 16.5 g/L, and the pH was 7.5~8.0. The chemical composition of pharmaceutical sludge includes: protein 0.035~0.038 g/L, polysaccharides 0.321~0.342 g/L. The materials used in these experiments, such as Cu(NO3)2, Ce(NO3)3, CoO, Fe2O3, NaOH and HCl, etc, were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, China. All reagents used in this study were analytical reagents (≥99%) and were used as received without further purification. The gaseous oxygen used as the oxidant was commercial industrial gas.
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3

Synthesis of CNC-based Metal Nanocomposites

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Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was provided by Tianjin Woodelfbio Cellulose Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China. Sodium periodate and DETA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd. Copper nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, and potassium bichromate, K2Cr2O7, were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., China.
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4

Pharmaceutical Sludge Characterization and Treatment

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The pharmaceutical sludge was collected from a synthetic pharmaceutical factory located in eastern China. The sludge was extracted from a thickening unit and stored at 4 °C until further usage. The characteristics of the raw sludge are as follows: COD 15,000–16,000 mg/L, VSS 13.5–13.8 g/L, VSS/SS ratio 39–40%, pH 7.5–8.0. The sludge was used in the experiments without any treatment. Experimental reagents, such as Cu(NO3)2, Ce(NO3)3, Ni(NO3)2, Fe2(SO4)3, and NaOH, were purchased from Shanghai Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All of the reagents used in this study were of analytical grade and were used as received without further purification. The gaseous oxygen used as the oxidant was commercial industrial gas.
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5

Kaolinite-Based Heavy Metal Adsorption

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The kaolinite was purchased from Chengdu Chenzheng Chemical Co., Ltd. Its X-ray fluorescence results showed that, the main components of kaolinite are SiO2 (55.2%), Al2O3 (38.74%) and K2O(3.27%). Zn(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, and Cu(NO3)2 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. They were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Deionized water was used for the preparation of all solutions. The pH adjustment of solutions was performed using 0.1 mol/L HNO3 or 0.1 mol/L NaOH.
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6

Synthesis of Catalysts for Ethane Oxidation

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Monoclinic WO3 (99.8%, Macklin), P25 (99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich), ZnO (99.9%, Macklin), Bi2O3 (99.99%, Macklin), MoO3 (99.50%, Alfa Aesar), and CeO2 (99.99%, Macklin) were acquired to synthesize the catalysts. Freshly prepared 2 mg mL−1 HAuCl4 (Sigma-Aldrich) aqueous solution was used as Au precursor. Other metal precursors included H2PtCl6 (Sigma-Aldrich), PdCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich), RhCl3 (Alfa Aesar), AgNO3 (Sinopharm), Cu(NO3)2 (Sinopharm), and Fe(NO3)3 (Sinopharm). The free radical scavengers, p-benzoquinone (97%), EDTA–2Na (AR), and tertiary butyl alcohol (AR), were obtained from Macklin Co., Ltd. Feed gases, ethane (80% ethane + 20% nitrogen) and oxygen (99.99%), were supplied by Air Liquid Co., Ltd.
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7

Waste-Derived Amendments for Sustainable Horticulture

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We purchased CaO (98%), Cu(NO3)2 (99%), Cd(NO3)2∙4H2O (99%), Pb(NO3)2 (99%), ASO (amino value of 0.5), FA, and other chemicals of analytical grade from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). ATP powder (100–200 mesh) was provided by Mingmei Co., Ltd. (Mingguang, China). Tobacco waste liquid (TWL) was obtained from Chongqing Coolbear Technology Co. Ltd. (Chongqing, China). Silica sand (70–120 mesh) was purchased from Nanjing Shuangxiong Filter Material Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Deionized water was used throughout all the experiments, except in the pot experiment. Pakchoi were provided by He Xian Huahe Seed Industry Co. Ltd. (Maanshan, China). Soil and sand (20–50 mesh) were taken from Donghua University (Shanghai, China).
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8

Fabrication of Analytical μPADs

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Whatman filter paper No. 1 was purchased from Whatman International Ltd. (Maidstone, England) and then used for μPADs fabrication. Yellow oily double-sided adhesive tape (brand Youbisheng, width = 40 mm) was purchased from Shengneng Packaging Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). The tape was composed of a double-sided adhesive layer and a protective film. The marker (nib diameter = 0.7 mm), which was used to draw the pattern on the filter paper, was purchased from Shenzhen Shengjie Stationery Wholesale Collection Co., Ltd. Ni(NO3)2,·6H2O, toluene, Cu(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, KNO3, Na2SO4, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Pb(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, CH3COONa, NaF, NaNO2 and MgSO4 of analytical grade were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Mn(NO3)2 was bought from Aladdin Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane was bought from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The natural mineral water was purchased from Emeishan Yuquan Water Industry Co., Ltd.
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9

Fabricating Cu Foam-based Electrochemical Sensors

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Cu foam was obtained from Jiangxi Chemical Reagent Factory (Nanchang, China). Co(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, hydrochloric acid, and NaOH were purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ascorbic acid (AA), urea, uric acid (UA), and dopamine (DA) were bought from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangzhou, China). Isopropanol and absolute ethanol were purchased from Guangdong Guanghua Sci.-Tech. Co. (Guangzhou, China). All chemical reagents used in the experiment were of analytical grade and without any further purification. All the aqueous solutions were prepared in deionized water.
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10

Macroporous Resin for Heavy Metal Removal

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D301 styrene macroporous resin was provided freely by Wandong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Anhui, China). Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was purchased from Ruijinte Chemical Ltd. (Tianjin, China) and purified by distillation under vacuum before use. Ethylenediamine was purchased from Beijing Chemical Plant (Beijing, China, AR grade). Cd(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, and other reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd.
The instruments used in this study were as follows: Autosorb-iQ surface area analyzer (Quantachrome Company, America), S-4800 scanning electron microscope (Hitachi Company, Japan), Prodigy ICP-AES (Teledyne Leeman Lab, America), FTIR-8400S infrared spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan), Vario EL elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany), PHS-3 acidimeter (Shanghai INESA Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., China), and SHZ-C water-bathing constant temperature shaker (Shanghai Boxun Medical Biological Instrument Co., Ltd., China).
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