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3 protocols using α tocopheryl acetate

1

Synthesis and Characterization of NGT

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HPLC-grade solvents, ascorbic acid, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and butylated hydroxytoluene were obtained from Fisher (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). dl-Tocol (internal standard, purity >95%) was purchased from Matreya LLC (Pleasant Gap, PA, USA) and α-tocopheryl acetate was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). NGT is not available commercially and was synthesized from γ-T as described [7 (link)]. Briefly, an ethanolic solution of γ-T was acidified with glacial acetic acid and nitration was subsequently induced by sodium nitrite. After terminating the reaction with KOH, and washing the mixture with water, the crude product was extracted using hexane, dried under nitrogen gas and reconstituted in ethanol. Purity of NGT was >99% as determined by LC-MS and its concentration was determined spectrophotometrically (Shimadzu UV-2600, Columbia, MD, USA) in ethanol using ε410 nm = 1976 M−1cm−1 [12 (link)].
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2

Simultaneous Quantification of Fat-Soluble Vitamins

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All the standards (retinol, retinyl acetate, dl-α-tocopherol, α-toco-pheryl acetate and cholecalciferol), the isotope- labeled internal standards of cholecalciferol (6,19,19-d3 solution) and α-tocopherol (phenyl-5,7-dimethyl-d6)) as well as L-ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl-toluene (BHT), α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Methanol, ethanol, and Acetonitrile HPLC grade, and absolute ethanol and petroleum ether analytical grade, were obtained from Fischer Scientific (Geel, Belgium). Acetonitrile and Methanol LC-MS grade were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), while anhydrous sodium sulfate was purchased from Honeywell (Offenbach, Germany). Distilled water was provided by a MilliQ purification apparatus (Millipore Direct-Q UV, Bedford, MA, USA). Chromafil Regenerated Cellulose (RC) syringe filters (15 mm diameter, 0.2 mm pore size) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel (Düren, Germany). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) Strata Silica 500 mg/6 mL cartridges (55 m, 70Å) were purchased from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA).
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3

Vitamin and Mineral Standard Procurement

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We purchased standard Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, and Mg from Buck Scientific, USA, and the immunoglobulin kits from Chronolab, Switzerland. Sigma Chemical Co., USA, supplied the standard α-tocopherol (vitamin E), α-tocopheryl acetate, and retinol (vitamin A). For HPLC-based analysis, Active Fine Chemicals Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh, supplied HPLC-grade chemicals and reagents. We purchased other supportive chemicals of the recommended grade from Merck, Germany.
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