Breeze 2

Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were conducted after fasting mice for 4 h. Briefly, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) a 20% D-glucose solution, where each mouse received 40 mg of glucose or 4 g/kg of body weight. After a baseline blood glucose reading (tail vein collection) using glucometer Breeze 2 (Ascensia Diabetes Care, Parsippany, NJ, USA), the warmed solution of saline D-glucose was injected i.p. Subsequently, blood glucose measurements were serially taken at 20, 40 and 60 min after the injection from the same tail site. insulin Tolerance Tests (ITT) were conducted in the fed state, where mice were injected with 0.04 U kg⁻¹ insulin (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA), following which glycemia was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min using the same glucometer. The area under the curve was calculated using the trapezoidal method with values normalized to the lowest basal glucose value. Due to unavoidable circumstances, GTT and ITT were performed only in male mice.

Information about signalment, clinical signs, serum biochemistry profile (SBP), and CBC within the first 24 hours after admission, treatments during hospitalization, and bacteriological and necropsy results were collected retrospectively when available.
Point‐of‐care blood testing upon admission (microhematocrit; manual refractometry; blood gas analysis by using the ABL80 Flex Co‐ox, Radiometer America, Brea, California; blood l‐lactate concentration using the Lactate Pro, Arkray Factory Inc., Shiga, Japan; and blood glucose concentration using the glucometer, Breeze 2, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Basel, Switzerland ) was chosen when available for statistical analysis instead of delayed results from our medical laboratory (hematology: Advia 120, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany; serum biochemistry: Unicel DxC 600, Beckman Coulter, Brea, California).
Follow‐up examinations by phone were carried out in February 2018 by a single investigator. The owners of the calves were asked about long‐term survival of the calves and, if they died, the time between discharge and death. Three attempts were made to reach the owner; otherwise, the data were declared missing.