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γ tubulin antibody

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

The γ-tubulin antibody is a laboratory reagent used in various scientific and research applications. It is a protein that specifically binds to the gamma-tubulin protein, which is a key component of the microtubule-organizing center in eukaryotic cells. This antibody can be used to study the structure and function of the microtubule network within cells.

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15 protocols using γ tubulin antibody

1

5-HT6 Receptor Mutagenesis and Localization

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The mouse EGFP-tagged 5-HT6 plasmid was provided by Kirk Mykytyn (Ohio State University, USA). We constructed 13 mutagenesis plasmids. In each clone, the codons for amino acids 69, 70, 72, 106, 230, 234, 262, 265, 284, and 350 were replaced by triplet nucleotides. Mouse GFP-tagged ARL13B was amplified from cDNA from the mouse brain. 5-HT6-mcherry plasmid was constructed. PEGFP-N3 and mcherry-N3 were purchased from Addgene.
SB271046 drug (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), 5-HT6R siRNA (QIAGEN), siRNAs of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3A, 5-HT4, 5-HT5A, 5-HT5B, and 5-HT7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), 5-HT6R antibody (Abcam), MAP2 antibody (Abcam), AC3 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), SSTR3 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), ARL13B antibody (NeuroMab), ankyrin G antibody (Invitrogen), neurofascin 186 antibody (Abcam), γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma), IFT88 antibody (Proteintech), calbindin antibody (Swant), CamkII antibody (Millipore), Gad antibody (Abcam), Nav1.1 antibody (NeuroMab), Nav1.6 antibody (Alomone), Nav1.2 antibody (NeuroMab), Kv1.1 antibody (Alomone), and AlexaFluor fluorescence antibodies (Invitrogen) were utilized.
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2

Centrosome Immunofluorescence Staining

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The cells were fixed in methanol for 15 min at –20°C and were then permeabilized with acetone. After three washes with PBS, the cells were blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin for 30 min and washed three times with PBS. The centrosomes were then stained with a γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma) that was diluted 1/200 in 0.5% BSA and 0.05% Tween for 1 hour at 37°C. The cells were washed three times with 0.05% Tween in PBS and incubated with an anti-rabbit antibody that was coupled to cyanine 2 (Jackson) and diluted 1/300 in 0.5% BSA and 0.05% Tween for 1 hour at 37°C. After three washes with 0.05% Tween in PBS, the cells were incubated with DAPI (5 μg/ml). For each cell line, 200 metaphase cells were analyzed.
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3

Dysferlin Quantification in Muscle Samples

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From each muscle, fresh-frozen serial tissue sections were taken for protein preparation. Muscle samples harvested from treated and control groups were compared to WT tissue for levels of vector-mediated dysferlin compared to endogenous dysferlin. Protein (5 μg for WT lanes and 10 μg for all other lanes) extracted from treated and control samples was separated by SDS-PAGE (3–8% Novex NuPAGE gradient gels; Invitrogen), blotted on polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, and probed with NCL-Hamlet (Novocastra) primary antibody (for dysferlin) at a dilution of 1:1,000, or γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma–Aldrich) at a dilution of 1:10,000, followed by HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (1:5,000; Millipore) or goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:5,000; Millipore), and signal captured on Hyblot CL autoradiography film (Denville). Densitometry analysis was performed using ImageQuant TL.
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4

Analyzing Autophagy Markers in Colon Cancer

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Human colon cancer cells were harvested and detergent-solubilized cell lysates were obtained as described previously.32 (link), 33 (link), 34 (link), 35 (link) Equal amounts of cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and subjected to western blot analysis. The phospho-ACC, phospho-AMPK, ACC, AMPK, Beclin 1, LC3 and E-cadherin antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). The vimentin and p62 antibodies were from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). The γ-tubulin antibody was from Sigma-Aldrich.
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5

Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting

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Snap frozen tissues were processed for protein extraction as previously described [31] (link). Immunoblotting was performed using a protocol previously described [16] (link). Evi1 antibody was produced in rabbits [19] (link) and γ-tubulin antibody was from Sigma.
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6

Dystrophin Western Blot Analysis

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Western blots were performed according to our previously used protocol, with several modifications specific for each antibody used.39 (link) Samples from WT mice, mdx-LR mice, and vector-dosed mdx mice were used for each western blot. Protein (50 μg for muscle and organs) extracted from samples was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (3–8% Novex NuPAGE gradient gels, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA), blotted on polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, and probed with dystrophin primary antibody Dys1 for dystrophin detection and Dys3 for micro-dystrophin (Leica Biosystems) at a dilution of 1:50 and 1:20, respectively, or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) primary antibody (Fisher Scientific) at a dilution of 1:1,000. Loading controls used included γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma) or α-actinin antibody (Sigma) at a dilution of 1:10,000 followed by Alexa Fluor 680 goat anti-mouse (1:5,000, LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebraska). Additional detail about antibodies used for western blot analysis is shown in Supplementary Table S1.
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7

Antibody Dilutions for Western Blot and Immunofluorescence

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The following antibodies were used to perform WB and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. PTEN antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat# 9552S) dilutions for WB 1:2,000, for IF 1:300; acetylated α-tubulin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, cat# T7451) 1:1,000 for IF; γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, cat# T6557) 1:500 for IF; γ-tubulin antibody [TU-30] (Dyomics 647)(Abcam, ab#27076) 1:300 for IF; Pericentrin antibody (Abcam, cat# ab4448) 1:1,000 for IF; GFP antibody (Rockland, cat# 600-101-215) 1:500 for IF; RFP antibody (Abcam, cat# ab62341) 1:500 for IF; DVL 2 phospho-Serine-143 antibody (Abcam, cat# ab124933) 1:2,000 for WB; DVL2 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat# 3224) 1:2,000 for WB; phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat #4060) 1:2,000 for WB; Akt antibody (Cell Signaling Technology cat#9272) 1:2,000 for WB; beta-actin antibody, clone AC-15 (Sigma, cat # A1978).
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8

Quantitative Dysferlin Protein Analysis

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From each muscle, fresh-frozen serial tissue sections were taken for protein preparation. Muscle samples harvested from treated and control groups were compared with WT tissue for levels of vector-mediated dysferlin compared to endogenous dysferlin. Protein (15 μg) extracted from treated and control samples was separated by sodiumdodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (3–8% Novex NuPAGE gradient gels, Invitrogen), blotted on PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or nitrocellulose membrane and probed with NCL-Hamlet (Novocastra, Buffalo Grove, IL USA) primary antibody (for dysferlin) at a dilution of 1:1000, or γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO USA) at a dilution of 1:10,000 followed by horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (1:5000; Millipore, Billerica, MA USA) or goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:5000; Millipore) and signal captured on Hyblot CL autoradiography film (Denville, Metuchen, NJ USA). Densitometry analysis was performed using ImageQuant TL (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
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9

Compound 68 and Fx2149 Biochemical Assays

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Compound 68 was ordered through Chembridge and Fx2149 was designed/synthesized by Dr. Fengtian Xue’s group using 68 as a lead compound (Li et al., 2014 (link);Li et al., 2015 (link)). Both compounds were dissolved in 0.1% DMSO for use in biochemical assays. Anti-Flag antibodies, γ-tubulin antibody, anti-Flag-agarose, GTP-agarose, and PR-619 (deubiquitinase inhibitor) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-HA antibody (clone Y-11) was purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-ubiquitin antibody (clone P4D1) was purchased from Covance (Princeton, NJ, USA). Alexa Fluor 568 goat anti-rabbit antibody, LipofectAMINE and Plus transfection reagents, and DMEM cell culture media were from Invitrogen™, and FITC goat anti-mouse antibody was from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).
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10

Centriole Quantification in Cell Lines

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The Hoik-1 (HPSI0314i-hoik_1), Sehp-2 (HPSI0115i-sehp_2) and Kegd-2 (HPSI0614i-kegd_2) cell lines were selected as control. The Suul-1 (HPSI0514i-suul_1), Yoch-6 (HPSI0215i-yoch_6), Boqx-2 (HPSI0115i-boqx_2), Zapk-3 (HPSI0114i-zapk_3) and Iuoc-2 (HPSI0516i-iuoc_2) cell lines were tested. γ-tubulin was used as a centriole marker45 . 2.5 × 104 cells were plated onto coverslips maintained in 24-well multiwell plates and grown for 2 days. Cells were fixed in cold methanol for 5 min, rinsed, and incubated with 3% (wt/vol) BSA for 1 h. Cells were incubated with γ-tubulin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, T5326), washed and incubated with the appropriate fluorescent secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa 555 (Invitrogen). DAPI (Thermo Fischer Scientific) was used as counterstain. Cells were mounted in coverslips using ProLong Gold antifade reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Images were acquired with a Nikon A1R confocal microscope. Brightness and contrast were optimised with ImageJ (National Institutes of Health) and Photoshop (Adobe Systems). Quantifications of centrioles were performed manually using ImageJ. Dilutions: the γ-tubulin antibody was used at 1:5000, the secondary antibody at 1:500 and DAPI was used at 1:2000.
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