Five hundred microliters of MOG35–55 peptide solution (1 µg/µL in DI water) and five hundred microliters OVA323–339 peptide solution (1 µg/µL in DI water) were separately mixed with 1 mg MSNs each, and incubated for 3 h at 25 °C. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were washed in DI water three times under sterilized conditions, and the loading efficiency was measured using the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher, MA, USA). The peptide-loaded nanoparticles were finally re- dispersed in saline buffer prior to retro-orbital injection using a BD insulin syringe (BD, NJ, USA). To prepare MSN- MOG-Ce, MOG35–55- loaded MSNs were mixed with 1 mg CeNPs (2 mg/mL) in DI water and gently shaken for 5 min. The mixture was then centrifuged (10,000 × g, 5 min) and washed twice with DI water to remove unbound CeNPs. The loaded CeNPs were measured using the ultraviolet–visible method at 310 nm. Finally, the nano- composition was re- dispersed in saline buffer prior to retro- orbital injection using a BD insulin syringe.
Insulin syringe
Manufactured by BD
Sourced in United States, Germany
The insulin syringe is a medical device used to administer insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is a small, sterile syringe designed specifically for the subcutaneous injection of insulin.
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Lab products found in correlation
Jetpei, by Polyplus Transfection (3 mentions)
Ultra fine needle, by BD (3 mentions)
30g needle, by BD (2 mentions)
C57bl 6j mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (2 mentions)
Tamoxifen, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vevo 2100 system, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Pierce bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tissue tek oct compound, by Electron Microscopy Sciences (2 mentions)
Cryostat, by Leica (2 mentions)
Matrigel, by Corning (2 mentions)
Pha 665752, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
30 gauge needle, by BD (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Peg300, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Fpt 18 30 50, by Instech (2 mentions)
Cb17 scid mice, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Mycoalert mycoplasma detection kit, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Cd 1 swiss outbred mice, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
116 protocols using insulin syringe
1
Peptide-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
2
Comparative Toxicity Assay of BoNT/A Subtypes
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Groups of 10 female ICR mice (Harlan) were injected with the indicated amounts of BoNT/A1, /A2, or /A6 in 10 µl GelPhos buffer using a 0.3-ml insulin syringe (BD) into the right gastrocnemius muscle. In parallel, groups of 5 mice received intraperitoneal injections of the same BoNT dilutions in 0.5 ml GelPhos buffer using a 0.5-ml insulin syringe (BD). Mice were observed through 6 days postinjection, and any deaths were recorded. The LD50 in pg was calculated for both the intramuscularly (IM) and intraperitoneally (IP) injected mice using the Reed and Muench method (35 (link)). Based on the IP data and a unit definition of 1 unit = the amount of BoNT required to result in death of 50% of mice after IP injection within 4 days, the specific activity of each BoNT was determined in units (IP LD50) for the toxin dilutions used in this comparative assay. The IM LD50 in units was calculated based on the IP LD50 values.
3
Engineered Fusion Protein Enhances Therapeutic Angiogenesis
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The transglutaminase substrate sequence NQEQVSPL (α2‐PI1–8) was fused to the N terminus of the mouse VEGF‐A164 cDNA by PCR. The fusion protein was expressed into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (De3) pLys (Novagen, Madison, WI, USA) and isolated as described previously 61 . Fibrin matrices of optimized composition were prepared as previously described 17 , incorporating 56 mg/ml of aprotinin‐α2‐PI1–8, to ensure controlled duration of degradation over 4 weeks, and 50 μg/ml of α2‐PI1–8‐VEGF164. For in vivo delivery, 6‐ to 8‐week‐old immunodeficient CB.17 SCID mice (Charles River Laboratories) were used to avoid an immunological response to human fibrinogen and cross‐linking enzymes. A liquid volume of 50 μl was aspirated rapidly with a 0.3‐ml insulin syringe with integrated 30‐gauge needle (Becton Dickinson, Basel, Switzerland) and injected into the GC muscle of the mice previously anesthetized with 3% isoflurane inhalation. After injection, in situ polymerization was allowed for 20 s before slowly extracting the needle.
4
Penile Regeneration in Diabetic Rats
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The rats were anesthetized (IP) by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg). After shaving the surgical site, an iodine-based solution was applied for sterilization, and an incision was made at the lower abdomen. The penises of the DM-ED rats were exposed and treated with 200 μL saline or PRP solutions accordingly, by corpus cavernosum injection using a 0.5 mL insulin syringe with a 30G needle (Becton Dickinson, San Diego, CA, USA). The DM-non-ED group did not receive any treatment after the abdominal opening. The abdominal incision was finally closed with a single-layer suture.
5
Viral Pancreatic Tail Injection
6
Mouse model of Alphavirus infection
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Female C57BL/6J mice (6–10-week-old) were purchased from the Animal Resources Centre (Canning Vale, WA, Australia). Mice were infected with 105 or 106 CCID50 of GETVMM2021 (Genbank ID; MN849355), 104 CCID50 CHIKV Reunion Island isolate, LR2006OPY1 (Genbank ID; DQ443544) or 104 CCID50 RRVTT (Genbank ID; KY302801) subcutaneously (s.c.) into the top/side of each hind foot as described previously [8 (link),54 (link)]. All virus preparations were mycoplasma free [84 (link)] as determined by MycoAlert Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland). Serum viremia was determined by CCID50 assay, and foot swelling was determined using caliper height and width measurements, as described previously [8 (link),54 (link),85 (link)].
The JE/GETV formalin-inactivated vaccine (Nisseiken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used as described previously [8 (link)]. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and the vaccine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) with the indicated dose split equally into both quadriceps muscles in 50 µL per muscle using an insulin syringe (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
The JE/GETV formalin-inactivated vaccine (Nisseiken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used as described previously [8 (link)]. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and the vaccine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) with the indicated dose split equally into both quadriceps muscles in 50 µL per muscle using an insulin syringe (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
7
Mouse Model for Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection
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CD-1 Swiss outbred mice (female, 6–8 weeks of age) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories, Inc. (Wilmington, MA, USA). Mice were initially housed in animal biosafety level (ABSL)-2 laboratories and were transferred to an ABSL-3 laboratory for adaptation one week prior to challenge experiments. Mice were inoculated either intraperitoneally (IP) or intradermally (ID) with103 MuID50 of O. tsutsugamushi strain Karp (Papua New Guinea) or Woods (Australia) as previously described [34 (link)]. For all ID inoculations, mice were anesthetized using isofluorane (inhalation administration). ID injections of 103 MuID50 of O. tsutsugamushi were performed at the right ear dorsum at a single site (5 µL of pre-titrated liver-spleen homogenate) using a 0.3 mL insulin syringe (Becton Dickinson, NJ, USA). Negative control animals received an IP or ID inoculation of sterile PBS buffer. Following inoculation, the mice were observed for signs of systemic disease for 21 days. Mice (n = 3–8 per group/time point) were euthanized at 10, 14 (Karp IP only), and/or 21 days following infection. All animal experimentation was performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD (Protocol Number: 11-IDD-26).
8
Visualizing Vascular Channels in OFM
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A solution of crystal violet (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) (0.1% w/v) was prepared in ROH2O, and membrane filtered (0.22 μm), then further diluted 1:3 with glycerol (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). The working dye solution was injected into the large residual vascular channels from the mucosal side of hydrated OFM using an insulin syringe (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The dye solution was gently and slowly perfused through the vessel then imaged via IR-ADV C5550 scanner (Canon, Tokyo, Japan). Images were adjusted for brightness and contrast using ImageJ software (US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
9
Measuring Drosophila Wing Length
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To measure wing length, the right wing of each specimen was removed by cutting near the tegula using the tip of a small metal syringe (8 mm BD 3/10 ml/cc Insulin Syringe, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Each wing was placed flat on a glass slide (VWR Micro Slides, Cat. No. 48300-037, VWR International LLC, Radnor, PA). All flies were stored in 80% ethanol prior to and during wing removal. Up to 10 female and 10 male wings on slides were arranged and fixed to the slide using a protein fixative (ClearMount Mounting Solution, LifeTechnologies, Frederick, MD) and slide cover (VWR Plastic Cover Slip, Cat. No. 48376-049, VWR International LLC). Additionally, the whole abdomen melanization of each specimen was recorded as ‘light’, ‘medium’, or ‘dark’. This was a subjective assessment and lab-reared summer morphs were used as the baseline ‘light’ category. All slides were then photographed at identical magnification parameters (Leica S6D and Microscope Camera MC120 HD, using the Leica Application Suite V 4.6.0, Leica Microsystems Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL) and measured using ImageJ (imagej.nih.gov/ij/). Two length measurements were made for each wing along the IV vein, as described in Shearer et al. (2016) (link). For analysis, these two lengths were summed and considered as total wing length.
10
Assessing Thermal Allodynia via Acetone Test
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Thermal allodynia was tested through cold stimuli using the acetone test [41 (link)]. For this assay, each rat was individually placed in a transparent compartment on a raised metal grid to allow for habituation for at least 30 min. Then, a volume of 50 μL of acetone was sprayed on the middle part of the dorsal surface of the right hind paw of the rat using a drip adapter on an insulin syringe (Becton Dickinson de México, S.A de C.V. Mexico City). Immediately after the spray and for a period of 60 s, the response time in which the rat licked, shook, flinched, or raised the right hind paw was counted. This test was performed three times with an interval of 5 min between each measurement, and the average was considered as the cold allodynia threshold [42 (link)].
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