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Megaruptor system

Manufactured by Diagenode

The Megaruptor system is a device used for the mechanical shearing of DNA. It employs a rotary mechanism to generate high-energy shear forces, which fragment DNA molecules into desired size ranges. The system is designed to produce consistent, reproducible DNA fragments for various downstream applications, such as next-generation sequencing library preparation.

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6 protocols using megaruptor system

1

Oomycete Genomic DNA Extraction and Sequencing

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The oomycete was cultivated in liquid Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium at 28° for 48h. Approximately 300 mg of fresh mycelium ground with liquid nitrogen and genomic DNA was isolated using the Macherey-Nagel Nucleobond RNA/DNA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Library preparation and sequencing were performed at the GeT-PlaGe core facility, INRA Toulouse, according to the manufacturer’s instructions “Shared protocol-20kb Template Preparation Using BluePippin Size Selection system (15kb size Cutoff)”. At each step, DNA was quantified using the Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit (Life Technologies). DNA purity was tested using the NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher) and size distribution and degradation assessed using High Sensitivity Large Fragment 50kb Analysis Kit used with a Fragment analyzer (AATI). Purification steps were performed using 0.45X AMPure PB beads (PacBio). A total of 10 µg of DNA was purified then sheared at 40kb using the megaruptor system (Diagenode).
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2

SMRTbell Library Preparation and Sequencing

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Three libraries were constructed using the SMRTbell Template Prep Kit 1.0 (Pacific Biosciences). In brief, genomic DNA (gDNA) was mechanically sheared to 60 kb using the Megaruptor system (Diagenode) followed by DNA damage repair and DNA end repair. Universal blunt hairpin adapters were then ligated onto the gDNA molecules after which non-SMRTbell molecules were removed with exonuclease. Pulse-field gels were run to assess the quality of the SMRTbell libraries. Two libraries were size-selected using SageELF (Sage Science) at 30 kb and 20 kb, the third library was size-selected at 20 kb using BluePippin (Sage Science). Prior to sequencing, another DNA-damage repair step was performed and quality was assessed with pulse-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 177 SMRT cells were run on the RS II using P6-C4 chemistry and 6 h videos.
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3

Long-read Nanopore Sequencing of Genomic DNA

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The quality and purity of gDNA were assessed using spectrophotometry, fluorometry and capillary electrophoresis. Additional purification steps were performed using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter). All library preparations and sequencing were performed using Oxford Nanopore Ligation Sequencing Kit SQK‐LSK109 according to the manufacturer's instructions “1D gDNA selecting for long reads.” Genomic DNA (10 μg) was purified and then sheared to 20 kb using the megaruptor system (Diagenode). A size selection step using a 10 kb cutoff was performed on the BluePippin Size Selection system (Sage Science) with the 0.75% agarose cassettes, Marker S1 high Pass 6–10 kb. For each library, a one‐step‐DNA‐damage repair + ENDrepair + dA‐tail‐of‐double‐stranded‐DNA‐fragments procedure was performed on 2 μg of DNA. Adapters were then ligated to DNAs in the library. Libraries were loaded onto R9.4.1 flowcells and sequenced on either a GridION or PromethION instrument at a concentration of 0.019 pmol for 48 h and 0.013 pmol for 64 h, respectively. The GridION flowcell produced 8.6 Gb of data and the PromethION flowcell produced 46.3 Gb of data.
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4

Nanopore Sequencing of Long DNA Fragments

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Library preparation and sequencing were performed at the GeT-PlaGe core facility, INRAe Toulouse, according to the manufacturer’s instructions “1D gDNA selecting for long reads (SQK-LSK109)”. At each step, DNA was quantified using the Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit (Life Technologies). DNA purity was assessed using the nanodrop (Thermofisher) and size distribution and degradation were assessed using the fragment analyser (AATI) High Sensitivity DNA Fragment Analysis Kit. Purification steps were performed using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter).
Flow cell was run with 7 µg of DNA previously purified and sheared to 25 kb using the megaruptor system (diagenode). Calibration was performed using the Short Read Eliminator Family: SRE size XS kit (Circulomics) to deplete short fragments. A one step DNA damage repair + END-repair + dA tail of double stranded DNA fragments was performed on 2 µg of sample. Adapters were then ligated to the library. The library was loaded onto R9.4.1 revD flow cells and sequenced on the GridION instrument (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) at 0.025pmol within 72 h.
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5

Long-read SMRTbell Library Preparation

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Three libraries were constructed using the SMRTbell Template Prep Kit 1.0 (Pacific Biosciences). Briefly, genomic DNA (gDNA) was mechanically sheared to 60 kb using the Megaruptor system (Diagenode) followed by DNA damage repair and DNA end repair. Universal blunt hairpin adapters were then ligated onto the gDNA molecules after which non-SMRTbell molecules were removed with exonuclease. Pulse field gels were run to assess the quality of the SMRTbell libraries. Two libraries were size selected using SageELF (Sage Science) at 30 kb and 20 kb, the third library was size selected at 20 kb using BluePippin (Sage Science). Prior to sequencing, another DNA damage repair step was performed and quality was assessed with pulse field gel electrophoresis. A total of 177 SMRT cells were run on the RS II using P6-C4 chemistry and 6 hr movies.
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6

Long-Read Sequencing of Mitochondrial Genome in M. graminicola

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Library preparation and sequencing were performed at the GeT‐PlaGe core facility, INRA Toulouse, according to the manufacturer's instructions “1D gDNA selecting for long reads (SQK‐LSK109).” Aiming at covering the Mgraminicola genome at >70× with long reads, sequencing was done on one ONT flowcell. Genomic DNA was purified using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter). Eight micrograms of purified DNA was sheared at 20 kb using the megaruptor system (Diagenode). A “one‐step” DNA damage repair + END‐repair + dA tail of double‐stranded DNA fragments was performed on 2 µg of DNA. Adapters were ligated to the library that was then loaded (0.03 pmol) onto an R9.4.1 revD flowcell. It was sequenced on the GridION instrument for 48 hr. Final reads were base‐called using Guppy v.1.8.5‐1 (Oxford Nanopore).
After sequencing, adapters of raw ONT reads were trimmed using Porechop (Wick, 2019). Only reads with a Q‐score value greater or equal to 7 were selected using NanoFilt v.1.1.0 (De Coster, D’Hert, Schultz, Cruts, & Van Broeckhoven, 2018). Minimap2 (Li, 2018) was used to map long reads to the Mgraminicola mitogenome (GenBank no. HG529223), and Samtools Fasta ‐ f 0x4 (Li et al., 2009) was used to sort out long reads that mapped to this reference.
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