2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ADH and ALDH were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, Bangalore, India. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-mercaptoEthanol, potassium chloride, gallic acid, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and NADH were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. Ethanol, mEthanol, and acetaldehyde were purchased from Merck Ltd, Mumbai, India.
Gallic acid
Manufactured by HiMedia
Sourced in India
Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound commonly used as a chemical reagent in laboratory settings. It functions as an antioxidant and is employed in various analytical and testing procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by HiMedia (16 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by HiMedia (11 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by HiMedia (10 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by HiMedia (7 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by HiMedia (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by HiMedia (5 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by HiMedia (5 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Methanol, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by HiMedia (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Muller hinton agar, by HiMedia (3 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by HiMedia (3 mentions)
35 protocols using gallic acid
1
Enzymatic Antioxidant Assay Protocol
2
Determination of Total Phenolic Content
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The total phenolic content (TPC) of CAEE were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu (Himedia, India) method.66 Here, a small quantity of extract (500 μL) was mixed with 2.5 mL of Folin reagent (distilled water : F–C reagent = 10 : 1), followed by the addition of 2 mL of sodium carbonate (Himedia, India) (7.5%, diluted in distilled water) into the mixture after 5 min. The absorbance of the solution was measured at 740 nm after an incubation period of 2 h in the dark. The result was determined using the standard gallic acid (Himedia, India) curve and reported in terms of μg of gallic acid per mL of extract.
3
Quantification of Bioactive Compounds
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To estimate the bioactive compounds in the sample, chemicals such as quercetin dihydrate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, DPPH, and other chemicals were procured from Hi-Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. All the glassware used was from Borosil Glass Works Limited, Mumbai, India.
4
Antioxidant Analysis of Broccoli
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Different chemical reagents used for analysis viz. ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, quercetin, aluminium chloride, sodium nitrite, sodium hydroxide pellets, gallic acid, folin-ciocalteu phenol reagent, anhydrous sodium carbonate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium bicarbonate, methanol, tri-chloro acetic acid, and acetone were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA) and Himedia (HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India). Broccolis (cultivar: Pusa KTS-1) utilized in the study were obtained from the Farm section of ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Bhopal, India (23.3156° N, 77.4037° E). The broccolis were harvested 125 days after sowing of seeds and 90 days of transplanting. Mass of individual heads were in the range of 350–450 g.
5
Silymarin Bioactivity and Antioxidant Assessment
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Silymarin was purchased from Micro labs Bangalore, India; carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), acrylamide, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide, sulfanilamide, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Merck Ltd., Mumbai, India. Quercetin, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), ferrozine, nitroblue tetrazolium disodium salt (NBT), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), and O-dianisidine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gallic acid, ascorbic acid, ferrous chloride, and potassium persulfate were procured from HiMedia (India). All the chemicals used were of analytical grade. Water was purified using Milli-Q system from Millipore (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Diagnostic test kits for the assay of liver function markers were purchased from Robonik (India) Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India.
6
Enzymes-Inhibitors Assay Protocol
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Methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (India). Gallic acid and quercetin were purchased from HiMedia (India). α-Glucosidase (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), α-amylase from porcine pancreases, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotrioside (CNPG3), acarbose, and neomycin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany).
7
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Assays
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Trypsin, chloramphenicol, acridine orange, quercetin (QE), beta-carotene, (+)-catechin, butylated hydroxytoulene (BHT), proteinase K, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Nonidet P-40, RNAse A and ethidium bromide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Nonessential amino acid, sodium biocarbonate, Dulbecco'smodi ed Eagle's medium (DMEM), L-glutamine and gallic acid were purchased from HiMedia (India). StepupTM 1kb DNA ladder was purchased from Merck Biosciences, Bangalore (India). Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from GIBCO-BRL. MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cells) and HEK 293 T (non-cancerous cell line) were procured from the National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India. Antibodies against Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved PARP-1 and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Bedford, Massachusetts, USA). All other reagents and media components used were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma chemicals, Himedia, Merck or other local commercial sources unless otherwise mentioned.
8
Antioxidant Evaluation of Betel Leaves
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Fresh betel leaves were collected from the Paan Mandi Laxmi Bazaar, Naka Hindola, and Lucknow. Damaged leaves were separated from the collected leaves, and the dirt and residue were washed away with flowing water. These betel leaves were cut into tiny pieces and left to dry overnight in a hot air oven set at 40 °C. The sample size was decreased using a grinder, and after it had been ground into a powder, it was hand-screened to a 150-µm particle size. The chemicals 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Aluminum Chloride, Potassium Acetate, Quercetin, gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, ethanol, sodium carbonate, phenol reagent, and Nutrient Agar (HI Media) were purchased from HI Media.
9
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Potential
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Triton X 100, amphotericin (5 mg/mL), and gentamycin (4 mg/mL) were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Pen Strep (a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin), and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) were procured from Gibco Life Technologies (Bangalore, India); MTT (methylthiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), Gallic acid, Quercetin, FeSO4·7H2O, F–C reagent (Folin Ciocalteu), 2,4,6-Tris (2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. The cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and HT1080 was obtained from National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra, India. All other chemicals used were of analytical grade. UV–Visible spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU spectrophotometer UV-1800) was used for detection of absorbance. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using electrophoresis assembly (BioBee Tech, Bangalore) and gel documentation (Syngene, G Box, United Kingdom).
10
Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants
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Acetic anhydride, ammonium hydroxide, AA, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2-deoxy-2-ribose, DPPH, ferric chloride, gallic acid, magnesium ribbon, quercetin, sodium nitrite, and trichloroacetic acid were obtained from HiMedia Laboratories, Pvt., Ltd., Mumbai, India. Thiobarbituric acid was obtained from Loba Chemical, Mumbai, India. Ammonium persulphate, benzene, chloroform, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, ethanol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, glacial acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, 5% o-phosphoric acid, 0.01% naphthylethylene diamine, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate, potassium ferricyanide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sulfanilamide were obtained from Rankem, Mumbai, India. ABTS and gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid) were obtained from Sigma, USA. Conc. HCl, conc. H2 SO4, Fehling's solution, Mayer's reagents, and sodium carbonate were procured from Merck, Mumbai, India. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was from Sisco Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India. Aluminium chloride was obtained from SD Fine Chemicals Limited, Mumbai, India. All chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade.
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