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63 protocols using ultra plus fesem

1

Structural Characterization of Nanomaterials

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The prepared nanomaterials were structurally characterized by XRD. The diffraction patterns were obtained using an X-ray Philips powder diffractometer (PW 1710) with a Cu-kα X-ray source (λ = 1.54 Å). SEM and TEM were used to determine the shape and size of the nanomaterials. One drop of dispersed nanoparticles in toluene was deposited on a 400 mesh carbon formvar grid and allowed to evaporate at room temperature. SEM images were obtained with a field emission scanning electron microscope Zeiss Ultra Plus FESEM, with energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis (EDS). TEM images were obtained using a Philips CM-12 microscope (FEI Company, Eidhoven, The Netherlands) with a MegaView docu-II camera and IMAX image analysis Software SIS NT. The UV–Vis absorption spectra of nanoparticles dispersed in toluene were obtained with an Agilent 8543 absorption spectrophotometer. Finally, to confirm the surface composition and chemical states of the nanocatalysts before and after usage, a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha ESCA instrument equipped with an aluminum Kα monochromatized radiation at 1486.6 eV X-ray source (XPS) was used.
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2

Electrochemical Sensing of Neurotransmitters

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Acupuncture needles were purchased from Suzhou medical supplies factory Co. Ltd. (Suzhou, China). 5-HT, DA and AA were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, china). 3, 4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Multi-walled CNTs with the diameter of 10–20 nm and length of 10–30 μm were purchased (purity > 95 wt%) from Xianfeng nanomaterials company (Nanjing, China). All reagents used were analytical grade, and Milli-Q (Waters) water was used in all processes. The electrochemical experiment was carried out with the CHI660D electrochemical workstation (CH Instruments) and performed in a three-electrode system. Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained from a Zeiss Ultra Plus FE-SEM (Zeiss, Germany). All measurements were carried out at a room temperature.
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3

SEM Specimen Preparation Protocol

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Specimens were prepared as for light microscopy or directly dissected without digestion. Specimens were then dehydrated in an ethanol series (60, 70, 80, 90, 100%; 10 minutes each) before critical point drying (Balzers CPD 030). Dehydrated samples were mounted on conductive, double-sided, adhesive carbon tabs on aluminium stubs and sputter coated (Au, 2 minutes, 20mA). Specimens were imaged using a Zeiss UltraPlus FESEM under an accelerating voltage of 3kV.
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4

Characterization of Alucone MLD Coatings

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The alucone MLD coatings were prepared by using trimethyl aluminum and ethylene
glycol as precursors. Adsorption isotherms were measured by a volumetric method,
using a home-built adsorption system. The BET surface areas were measured by a
Micromeritcs ASAP 2020 unit. A Zeiss Ultra Plus FE-SEM was used to determine 5A
zeolite particle size and morphology. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was carried out
using a Rigaku MiniFlex II diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. XP spectra
analysis was performed using a monochromatic Al Ka x-ray source. TEM images of
samples were recorded using a Hitachi H8000 TEM instrument. Further details on the
experimental methods can be found in the Supplementary Information.
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5

Protein Powder Preparation for High-Resolution SEM

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The hV3 protein powder was resuspended in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5, and drop-coated onto carbon tapes placed on brass stubs. The sample was allowed to air dry overnight at 25°C. The samples were further dried under a nitrogen stream for 10 min and kept in a desiccator. Then a gold film was deposited for 120 s on the dried sample, using a Q150R rotary-pumped sputter coater instrument (Quorum Technology). The gold-coated samples were then imaged using a high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (Zeiss UltraPlus FE-SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV.
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6

Microstructural Analysis of 3D Printed GelMA-GG Constructs

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Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) imaging was carried out to analyze the microstructures of the printed GelMA-GG constructs. GelMA-GG constructs were printed in a rectangular shape (10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm) and were dehydrated using graded ethanol (starting from 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 to 100% v/v). The samples were then dried using a critical point dryer (Leica EM CPD030, Germany) to retain the microstructure within the printed GelMA-GG constructs. The dried samples were then carefully sectioned using a sterile surgical blade to expose the cross-section before coating the samples with platinum (Pt) using a sputtering machine (Polarin SC7640 Sputter Coater from Quorum Technologies, United Kingdom). Representative images of GelMA-GG microstructure (n = 6) were taken at a 30,000x magnification using Ultra-Plus FE-SEM (Carl Zeiss, Germany). ImageJ was used to analyze the FE-SEM images to determine the pore sizes and porosity within the GelMA-GG microstructures at varying concentrations.
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7

Characterization of CNT Arrays by SEM and AFM

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Samples used for characterization analysis were as follows: tissue culture treated plastic 6-well plates (BD) with and without Geltrex coating, CNT arrays with and without UV/ozone treatment, and CNT arrays treated with UV/ozone and coated with Geltrex.
Morphology of the CNT arrays was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CNT arrays were visualized without treatment while Geltrex-coated CNT arrays were prepared through freeze-drying. In short, samples were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 4 h, excess liquid carefully removed, further immersed into liquid nitrogen, and quickly transferred to a vacuum chamber for concurrent freeze-drying and sputter coating with gold/palladium [27 ] (Denton Desk II). The samples were viewed with a Zeiss Ultraplus FESEM at an accelerating voltage of 5–15 kV.
Prior to AFM measurements, Geltrex-coated samples were dehydrated at room temperature. AFM images were obtained at ambient conditions using a NanoScope IIIA MultiMode AFM (Veeco) in tapping mode. A scan field of 10 × 10 μm with a scan rate of 1 Hz was used for measurements. The data was analyzed using NanoScope imaging software.
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8

SEM Imaging of Peptide-Compound Interactions

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SEM micrographs were obtained using
an Ultra Plus FESEM scanning electron microscope (Zeiss, Germany).
50 μL of a peptide solution at 100 μM alone
and with compound 1 at two different ratios (1:1 and
1:5) in 50 mM phosphate buffer was mounted on microscope stubs,
dried overnight, and sputter coated with a 7 nm thickness of gold.79 (link),80 (link)
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9

Correlative Microscopy of Lecithinase

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WT BMDMs left untreated or treated with AF568‐lecithinase for 90 min were washed with PBS. Cells were pelleted and high pressure frozen (Leica EM‐ICE). Cells were then freeze substituted and embedded in resin (Leica EM AFS2). The cells were ultra‐microtomed at 300 nm thin sections (Leica EM UC7) and then viewed on confocal microscope (ZEISS LSM800) to capture the fluorescence signal within the cells and on scanning electron microscope (Zeiss UltraPlus FE SEM) to capture ultrastructure. The SEM images were captured at 2 kV accelerating voltage using the energy selective backscattered (EsB) detector. After the SEM images were captured, the correlation of AF568‐lecithinase into subcellular structures was then performed via a shuttle‐and‐find system (ZEISS).
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10

SEM Preparation of Fixed Cells

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Cells were harvested and resuspended in 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7,2). Fixation was carried out by addition of fresh glutaraldehyde to 4% and incubation at 4°C for 4 h. Fixed cells were mounted onto poly-L-lysine coated coverslips and dehydrated through an ascending series of ethanol baths (35%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 95%, 100% and 100% for 10 min each) followed by critical point drying. Samples were mounted onto stubs, sputter coated with platinum and examined by using a Zeiss Ultra plus FE-SEM (acceleration voltage: 3 kV; aperture size: 30 μm, working distance: 6.5 mm).
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