Nt alwi

Various nucleases were used in this work, including Nt.AlwI (NEB), Nt.BspQI (NEB), RNase H (NEB), DNase I (NEB) and RNase R (Epicentre). We used the reaction conditions for these enzymes as recommended by the providers.

All DNA oligonucleotides used in this study were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Skokie, IL, USA). The oligonucleotide sequences are listed in Table 1. Klenow DNA polymerase (exo-) and T7 RNA polymerase were purchased from Enzynomics Inc. (Daejeon, Korea). The nicking endonuclease Nt.AlwI and Cutsmart^® buffer were purchased from New England Biolabs Inc. (Ipswich, MA, USA). The human serum and fluorogen 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) that binds to the Spinach aptamer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). SYBR™ Green I (SG I), SYBR™ Green II (SG II), and SYBR Safe (SS) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.

The oligonucleotide sequences used in this work (Table S1) and nuclease-free water were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA, USA). Moreover, 10× NEBuffer 1, exonuclease I, exonuclease III, exonuclease T, lambda exonuclease, Nt. AlwI, and T4 polynucleotide kinase were all purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). Nanoceria dispersion (catalog number 289744, 20 wt% dispersed in 2.5% acetic acid), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, catalog number T0440), human serum (catalog number H4522), 1 M HEPES buffer solution (pH 5.0) (Figure S7), sodium phosphate dibasic (Figure S7), sodium phosphate monobasic (Figure S7), acetic acid (Figure S7), and sodium acetate (Figure S7) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Finally, 1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) (Figure S7) was purchased from Bioneer (Daejeon, Republic of Korea).