Chitosan (degree of deacetylation ≥ 75%, viscosity 20–300 cps), anhydrous calcium chloride granules (7.0 mm, 93.0%), ferric chloride hexahydrate (ACS reagent, 97%), montmorillonite, cupric chloride dihydrate (ACS reagent, ≥ 99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Mumbai, India. Sodium alginate (pure) from Sisco laboratories, Chennai and carboxymethyl cellulose from Molychem, Mumbai, were obtained. Norfloxacin (C16H18FN3O3, Analytical standard, ≥98%) purchased from Merck, Mumbai. Distilled deionized water (Millipore system) was used in all experiments, and all other chemicals were directly utilized with no additional purification.
Distilled deionized water
Manufactured by Merck Group
Distilled deionized water is a type of purified water that has undergone a process of distillation and deionization to remove impurities and dissolved ions. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent that provides a high-purity water source for a variety of applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Ferric chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cupric chloride dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Montmorillonite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Toluene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N heptane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N decane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane dcm, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using distilled deionized water
1
Heavy Metal Removal via Biocomposite
2
Asphaltene Aggregation Synthesis and Characterization
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Isostearyl alcohol (Nissan Chemical Industries, Japan) was used to synthesize the iC 18 S(FO-180, critical micelle concentration (CMC) = 2.7 mM, M W = 362 g.mol -1 ) using a synthetic method reported previously [28] . Potassium chloride (KCl, > 99% purity), sodium chloride (NaCl, > 99.5% purity), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, > 99% purity), and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 .2H 2 O, > 99% purity) (all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received.
Distilled deionized water (resistivity = 18.2 MΩ cm, Millipore) was used for preparing synthetic sea water solutions. N-decane, toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol, and chlorosulfonic acid (all >99%, Fisher Scientific) were also used as supplied. Asphaltene aggregations were conducted using bitumen (Calgary, Canada) to study accumulation of asphaltene on a glass substrate (extracted by a widely used method (IP143, ASTM D6560), see Table S2-S3 in supporting material for Asphaltene specification).
Distilled deionized water (resistivity = 18.2 MΩ cm, Millipore) was used for preparing synthetic sea water solutions. N-decane, toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol, and chlorosulfonic acid (all >99%, Fisher Scientific) were also used as supplied. Asphaltene aggregations were conducted using bitumen (Calgary, Canada) to study accumulation of asphaltene on a glass substrate (extracted by a widely used method (IP143, ASTM D6560), see Table S2-S3 in supporting material for Asphaltene specification).
3
Characterizing SWCNT Dispersions by Absorption and Fluorescence
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Absorption and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence measurements were performed as previously described with few modifications [23] (link). Briefly, each DNA:SWCNT preparation was diluted to a 1% solution with distilled-deionized water (Millipore; Billerica, MA). This solution was added to a 10 mm path length cuvette (Starna Cells; Atascadero, CA) and analyzed on a NanoSpectralyzer 1 (NS1) (Applied NanoFluorescence; Houston, TX). The absorbance spectrum was collected from 400–1600 nm. Additionally, fluorescent emission spectra were measured using excitation wavelengths of 638 nm, 690 nm, and 784 nm. The resulting spectra were analyzed with ANFSoft (Applied NanoFluorescence; Houston, TX). Fluorescence efficiency measurements, which are fluorescence intensity (RFU) collected across the emission spectrum for a single wavelength divided by the absorbance spectrum, are reported as a relative measure of SWCNT dispersion in solution.
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