Western blotting analysis was performed as previously described [38 ]. The membrane transferred samples were hybridized with antibodies, including CHOP, eIF2α, phosphorylated eIF2α, Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐2, Bak, GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), IRE1α, caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐3, PERK (Cell signaling, Boston, MA), ATF4 (Proteintech Group Inc., Chicago, IL), ATF6 (IMGENEX, San Diego, CA), XBP1, phosphorylated IRE1α (abcam®, Cambridge, MA, USA), KDEL (ENZO Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA), and β‐actin (Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, MO, USA). Blots were then incubated with HRP‐conjugated IgG and visualized with SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA).
For immunoprecipitation, protein G Dynabeads (Invitrogen) was incubated with anti‐FLAG antibody (Sigma Chemicals). Lysates were incubated with protein G Dynabeads (Invitrogen) and antibody. Beads were then rinsed and then resuspended in SDS/PAGE sample buffer.
For immunoprecipitation, protein G Dynabeads (Invitrogen) was incubated with anti‐FLAG antibody (Sigma Chemicals). Lysates were incubated with protein G Dynabeads (Invitrogen) and antibody. Beads were then rinsed and then resuspended in SDS/PAGE sample buffer.