The concentrations of gastrin, ghrelin, PGE 2 and histamine in serum as well as in the supernatant of gastric tissue homogenates were measured using commercially available ELISA kits (gastrin, Ray Biotech, Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; and PGE 2 , ghrelin and histamine, Glory Science Co., Ltd, Del Rio, TX, USA). Each assay was performed in duplicate according to the manufacturer's instructions. The minimal detection limits for gastrin, PGE 2 , ghrelin and histamine were 9.92 pg ml -1 , < 0.24 ng l -1 , < 0.24 pg ml -1 and < 0.54 ng ml -1 , respectively.
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