Pyris 1 analyzer

DSC experiments were performed on a DSC 4000 apparatus (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Mcl-PHA and polyene containing mcl-PHA films of about 4 mg were used. Samples were heated from −40 °C to 100 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere and held for 2 min before cooling at 10 °C/min. A second heating scan was performed at 10 °C/min to characterize all materials after exactly the same thermal history.
TGA was performed on a Pyris 1 analyzer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The samples were heated from 30 to 600 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min under air flow.

The crystalline structure of the samples was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Rigaku D/max 2500 V diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) with Cu K_α radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å), operating voltage and current of 40 kV and 40 mA, respectively, and 2θ range from 20° to 70°. The morphology was characterized by Sirion 200 scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI, USA) and JEM 2100 F transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL, Japan) with operating voltage 200 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were taken using a Kratos Axis spectrometer (Kratos, Britain) with monochromatic Al K_α radiation (1486.71 eV), operating voltage and current of 15 kV and 10 mA, respectively, and a hemispherical electron energy analyzer. Raman spectra were recorder on an inVia spectrometer (Renishaw, Britain) with a 514 nm excitation source. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K were measured using a Micromeritics Autosorb-iQ2-C instrument (Quantachrome, USA); specific surface areas were estimated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using Pyris 1 analyzer (PerkinElmer, USA) by heating under air flow from 30 to 900 °C at a rate of 10 °C min⁻¹.