At baseline (after two weeks of adaptation period) and at the end of 3 months intervention, anthropometric measurements (BMI, hip and waist circumference and adipose tissue content) were made. Body composition changes including fat content, muscle mass and water content were measured by Tanita Body Composition Analyser BC-418 (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan).
Bc 418 body composition analyser
Manufactured by Tanita
Sourced in Japan
The Tanita BC-418 is a body composition analyser that measures various body metrics, including weight, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and bone mass. It uses bioelectrical impedance analysis technology to provide these measurements.
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13 protocols using bc 418 body composition analyser
1
Body Composition Changes Over Time
2
Body Composition Analysis Protocol
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Body mass (BM), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated using the Tanita Body Composition Analyser BC-418 (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) calibrated prior to each test session in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines. Duplicate measures were taken with the participant in a standing position; the average value was used for the final analysis. The recurrence of measurement amounted to 98%. The measurements of body composition were taken between 7.00 and 8.00 a.m. before blood sampling. The subjects were fasting during the body composition analysis.
3
Comprehensive Clinical and Metabolic Evaluation in RA
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Patients were evaluated after a 12-hour overnight fast and underwent a standardised clinical interview, physical examination, and detailed review of their medical history and hospital records. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated (using a TANITA Body Composition Analyser BC-418). Disease activity score (DAS28) [19 (link)] and physical function using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) [20 (link)] were recorded. Chart review with RA treatment and current therapy for other indications was performed. A blood sample was also obtained on the same day for the assessments of routine hematologic and biochemistry, lipid profile, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and acute phase response. Insulin resistance was determined by using the Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), as previously described [21 (link), 22 (link)]. All biochemical tests were carried out in the Biochemistry Laboratory at Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
4
Anthropometric and Body Composition Assessment
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Anthropometric variables were measured according to the instructions of the International Biological Program (IBP) at the beginning of the study. Body height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. Body composition parameters were assessed by Tanita Body Composition Analyser (BC-418; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). The Tanita BC-418 body fat analyser measures impedance across both arms, legs and trunk via multiple frequencies of 50 kHz. The system’s eight electrodes are in the form of footpads, and each footpad is divided in half so that the anterior and posterior portions form two separate electrodes. Impedance and body mass are automatically measured, and the subject’s height and age are manually entered into the system. Percent body fat measured using the Tanita BC-418 has been shown to correlate highly with the reference measure of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [34 (link)]. The participants were asked to observe the following before body composition measurement, as described by Rech et al. [35 (link)]: not to perform any physical exercises for 12 hours before testing; not to eat or drink anything for 4 hours before the evaluation; to urinate within 30 minutes of the evaluation; not to take any diuretics during the 7 days prior to testing; and not to consume alcohol for 48 hours before testing.
5
Anthropometric and Body Composition Analysis
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Anthropometric variables were measured according to the instructions of the IBP at the beginning of the study. Body height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. Body composition parameters were assessed by a Tanita Body Composition Analyser (BC-418; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). The Tanita BC-418 body fat analyser measures impedance across both arms, legs and trunk via multiple frequencies of 50 kHz. The system's eight electrodes are in the form of footpads and each footpad is divided in half so that the anterior and posterior portions form two separate electrodes. Impedance and body mass are automatically measured, and the subject's height and age are manually entered into the system. Percent body fat measured using the Tanita BC-418 has been shown to correlate highly with the reference measure of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [18 (link)]. The participants were asked to avoid the following procedures before body composition measurement as described by Rechet et al. [19 (link)]: not to perform any physical exercises during 12 hours before testing, not to eat or drink anything during the four hours before the evaluation, to urinate at least 30 minutes before the evaluation, not to take any diuretics during the seven days prior to the test, and not to consume alcohol during the 48 hours preceding the test.
6
Anthropometric Measurements and Lipid Profile
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Participants were invited to an initial visit at the research institute where their body height (SECA height rod Model 216; SECA Corp.), weight and body composition (TANITA body composition analyser BC-418; Tanita Corp.) were assessed. Then, the WC measurement was taken at the end of a normal expiration with a tape placed horizontally directly on the skin at the mid-distance between the last rib and the top of the iliac crest. WC was determined as the mean of three measurements to the nearest 0·1 cm. During this same visit, fasting blood samples (12-h fast) were collected from an antecubital vein into vacutainer tubes for the measurement of fasting blood lipids and carotenoids. Samples were then immediately centrifuged at 17°C for 10 min at 1100 g and stored at −80°C until processed. Blood lipid concentrations were assessed with the use of a Roche Modular P system (Roche Diagnostics).
7
Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment
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Height was measured to the nearest centimetre (cm) using a Seca 202 height measure, and a Tanita BC-418 body composition analyser was used to measure weight to the nearest 0.1 kg. Both were used to estimate BMI and the WHO criteria were applied to categorise participants into underweight <18.5, normal weight 18.5-24.9, overweight 25.0-29.9 and obese ≥30.0 kg.m -2 [26] . WC was used to derive central or abdominal obesity, defined as ≥ 88 cm for women or ≥ 102 cm for men [26] . Body composition was measured using bioimpedance (BIA) by trained nurses. Obesity by body fat was defined as body fat ≥ 26.9% in men, and ≥ 38.6% in women. These cut-off points values represent the two highest sex-specific quintiles in the UK Biobank population [27] . Using these adiposity markers, we created 3 obesity variables: people with abdominal obesity but without sarcopenia, people with obesity based on BMI but without sarcopenia, and people with obesity by body fat but without sarcopenia (Supplementary Figure 1).
8
Anthropometric Measurements Protocol
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Anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained research clinic staff. Weight was measured using the Tanita BC418 body composition analyser and height was measured using the wall-mounted SECA 240 height measure.8 (link) Body surface area was calculated using Du Bois formula.9 (link) BMI was calculated as weight/height2 (link) (kg/m2). BF% was measured using the Tanita BC418MA body composition analyser using electrical impedance. Healthy weight was defined as BMI 18.0–24.9 kg/m2, overweight as BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, and obese as BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2.
9
Comprehensive Metabolic and Anthropometric Assessment
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The sample was taken from an already published study with a high number of participants 9 . A total of sitting position, using standard clinical laboratory methods. Serum variables were measured with COBAS 711 and 6000 analyzers (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (HDL, LDL and total), triacylglycerol, blood glucose, insulin, and D-Vitamin levels.
The anthropometric variables analyzed were weight (Tanita BC-418 Body Composition Analyser, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), height (Seca 202 Measuring Rod, Seca Gmbh & Co, Hamburg, Germany), and Body Mass Index (BMI). Evaluation of SBP and DBP was done with an electronic sphygmomanometer (Omron M6, Omron Healthcare Group, Kyoto, Japan) following the recommendations from international guidelines.
The anthropometric variables analyzed were weight (Tanita BC-418 Body Composition Analyser, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), height (Seca 202 Measuring Rod, Seca Gmbh & Co, Hamburg, Germany), and Body Mass Index (BMI). Evaluation of SBP and DBP was done with an electronic sphygmomanometer (Omron M6, Omron Healthcare Group, Kyoto, Japan) following the recommendations from international guidelines.
10
Anthropometric and Body Composition Assessment
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Height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and weighing scales with waist and hip circumference determined using measuring tape. Segmented bioelectrical impedance was used to evaluate total body and truncal fat mass (BC-418 Body Composition Analyser; Tanita Europe BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands).
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