Dicyclomine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Dicyclomine is a pharmaceutical product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a synthetic chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. Dicyclomine's core function is to act as an anticholinergic agent.

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5 protocols using dicyclomine

Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility Assay

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All the chemicals used in this study have high purity with research-grade quality. Acetylcholine (Ach), aspirin, carbamylcholine chloride HCl, Carbachol (CCh), verapamil HCl, phenylephrine (PE) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA. While Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glucose were purchased from Merck, Dermstadat Germany. Furthermore, loperamide, and dicyclomine were supplied by Sigma Chemical company, St. Louis, MO, USA).

Saqib F., Usman F., Malik S., Bano N., Ur-Rahman N., Riaz M., Marc (Vlaic) R.A, & Mureşan C.C. (2021). Antidiarrheal and Cardio-Depressant Effects of Himalaiella heteromalla (D.Don) Raab-Straube: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies. Plants, 11(1), 78.

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Dicyclomine Induces Amyloid Pathology

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Control and MS rats received intraperitoneal injections of M1 mAChR antagonist, dicyclomine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, 8 mg/kg), each day for 4 weeks. Previously, this method was used in 3xTgAD mice and shown to increase Aβ pathology [28 (link)].

Nelson A.R., Kolasa K, & McMahon L.L. (2014). Noradrenergic sympathetic sprouting and cholinergic reinnervation maintains non-amyloidogenic processing of AβPP via M1 mAChRs. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 38(4), 867-879.

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Evaluating Cholinergic Receptor Signaling in Guinea Pigs

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Chemicals used in this study include atropine sulfate, carbachol (CCh), dicyclomine, isoprenaline, verapamil, and papaverine were procured from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States). The cAMP enzyme immunoassay kit used to estimate cAMP was procured from Sigma-Aldrich Co., United States. It is worth noting that all other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
Guinea-pigs (either sex, weighing 510–560 g) were housed at the animal house located at College of Pharmacy, PSAU, Saudi Arabia in a controlled environment maintained at 25 ± 2°C. The animals were provided with free access to water and commercial standard diet. All experiments were done as per the guidelines of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council (National Research Council, 1996 ). The study was approved by Bio-Ethical Research Committee (BERC), Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (Approval number BERC-004–12–19).

Rehman N.U., Ansari M.N., Haile T., Karim A., Abujheisha K.Y., Ahamad S.R, & Imam F. (2021). Possible Tracheal Relaxant and Antimicrobial Effects of the Essential Oil of Ethiopian Thyme Species (Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth.): A Multiple Mechanistic Approach. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 615228.

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Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Neurotransmission

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SKF 81297 and quinpirole were from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA), dicyclomine, 6-OHDA-HCl, L-DOPA (3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-2,5,6-d₃)-L-alanine), desipramine, pargyline and benserazide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (RRID: AB_390204) and anti-Choline Acetyltransferase (RRID:AB_2079751) and anti-pS10H3 (RRID:AB_1977177) were purchased from Millipore. Anti-phospho-Thr202/Tyr204–Erk1/2 (RRID:AB_331646), and phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA substrate (RRID:AB_331817), a-DARPP-32 (RRID:AB_823479).
And anti pS6 ribosomal protein (RRID:AB_916156) were from Cell Signaling Technology. Various Alexa Fluor antibodies were used at a 1:500 dilution for immunohistochemistry (Invitrogen).

Castello J., Cortés M., Malave L., Kottmann A., Sibley D.R., Friedman E, & Rebholz H. (2020). The Dopamine D5 receptor contributes to activation of cholinergic interneurons during L-DOPA induced dyskinesia. Scientific Reports, 10, 2542.

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Pharmacological Characterization of Compounds

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Analytical grade standard drugs and chemicals were used. Carbachol (Cch), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), verapamil hydrochloride, dicyclomine, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), dantrolene, and phenylephrine (PE) were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co. St Louis, MO, USA. Difmethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), methanol (CH₃OH), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄), dichloromethane (DCM), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) were obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were acquired from BDH Laboratory supplies, Poole, England.

Hussain M., Bakhsh H., Syed S.K., Ullah M.S., Alqahtani A.M., Alqahtani T., Aldahish A.A., Emran T.B., Rehman K.U, & Janbaz K.H. (2021). The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of Parmotrema perlatum Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms. Molecules, 26(21), 6348.

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