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5 protocols using ethyl acetate

1

Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

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Lead iodide (II) (PbI2, 99.999%), 1‐octadecene (technical grade 90%), oleic acid (technical grade 90%), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, 99.99%), n‐hexane (anhydrous), n‐octane (99%), toluene (anhydrous), 2‐pentanol (2‐PeOH, 99%), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Li‐TFSI, 98%), and 2‐n‐pentylpyridine were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Oleylamine (technical grade 70%), sodium acetate (NaOAc, 99.995%), chlorobenzene (anhydrous 99.8%), and acetonitrile (99.8%), triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO, 98%), were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) was purchased from GreatcellSolar. 2,20,7,70‐Tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,90‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD, ≥ 99.5%) was purchased from Lumtec. Methyl acetate (MeOAc, ≥ 99.5%) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc, ≥ 99.5%) were purchased from Duksan. TiO2 precursor solution (0.15 M), and TiCl4 aqueous solution (2 M) were purchased from Sharechem. Phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM, ≥99.95%) was purchased from 1‐Materials.
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2

Multifunctional Polymer Synthesis and Characterization

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Polyethylene glycol (OH-PEG-OH, Mn = 1000), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP, 99%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%), NHS (98%), triethylamine (TEA, 99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Waltham, M, USA). EDC.HCl (99%) and 5-Norbornene-2-methylamine (Nb-NH2, 98%), were acquired from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Tokyo, Japan). Acetone, dichloromethane (DCM), diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate, were obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Siheung, Korea). Sodium hyaluronate (HA, Mw ~800 kDa) was purchased from Bioland Korea (Chungbuk, Korea). 4- (Aminomethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride (98%) was purchased from Matrix Scientific. Curcumin (95%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA).
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3

Sourcing and Characterization of Phytochemical Standards

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Methanol (99.8%), n-hexane (95.0%), ethyl acetate (99.5%), and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (98.0%) were obtained from Duksan (Ansan, Republic of Korea), formic acid (99.0%) from Daejung Chemicals & Metals (Siheung, Republic of Korea), and toluene (99.5%) from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Water (HPLC grade), Methanol (HPLC grade), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Standard compounds, oxypeucedanin (98.3%, CFN90350-CFS202201), imperatorin (98.4%, CFN98758-CFS202301), isoimperatorin (98.1%, CFN99107-CFS202201), byakangelicol (99.1%, CFN98167-CFS202301), byakangelicin (99.4%, CFN98152-CFS202201), suberosin (98.8%, CFN98985-CFS202201), and falcarindiol (99.4%, CFN98220-CFS202301) were supplied by Chemfaces (Wuhan, China), xanthotoxin (98.0%, LOT AS01) from TCI (Tokyo, Japan), 2-linoleoyl glycerol (95.0%) from Glpbio (Montclair, NJ, USA), and thymol (98.5%) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Individual standards were dissolved in Methanol to create solution stocks with a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL.
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Phytochemical Quantification and Inflammatory Signaling

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For sample extraction, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate (extra-pure-grade) were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. (Ansan, Republic of Korea). For high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification, HPLC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Formic acid (99%, HPLC-grade) was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and acetic acid (99%) and LPS (from Escherichia coli O111:B4, L4391) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glycyrrhizic acid (CAS No. 1405-86-3, CFN99151, CFS202002, purity 99.5%), ginsenoside Rb1 (CAS No. 41753-43-9, CFN99964, CFS202101, purity 98.9%), baicalin (CAS No. 21967-47-9, CFN99111, CFS202003, purity 98.0%), saikosaponin A (CAS no. 20736-09-8, CFN99987, CFS202102, purity 99.4%), and saikosaponin B2 (CAS No. 58316-41-9, CFN99126, CFS202102, purity 99.7%) were supplied by Chemfaces (Wuhan, China). Antibodies against NOS2 (iNOS), COX-2, p38, phosphorylated-p38 (pp38), ERK, phosphorylated-ERK (pERK), JNK, phosphorylated-JNK (pJNK), NRF2, β-actin, anti-rabbit and anti-mouse IgG HRP-linked antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA) and Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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5

Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functionalization

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Gadolinium(III) chloride hexahydrate (99.9%), sodium hydroxide (>99.9%), triethylene glycol (TEG) (99%), PAA (Mw = ~1800 amu), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.9%), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (99%), 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) (>9%), tert-butyl N-(2-aminoethyl) carbamate (EDA-Boc) (>98%), triethylamine (TEA) (>99%), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (99%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (98%), 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC∙HCl) (97%), FA (>97%), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640, Dulbecco’s Modified Essential Medium (DMEM), sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, and dialysis tube (molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) = 1000 and 2000 amu) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). cRGD (cRGDyk: Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) was procured from Vivitide (Gardner, MA, USA). Ethyl acetate (99.9%), chloroform (99.9%), and ethanol (99.99%) were purchased from Duksan (Ansan, Korea). All reagents and materials were used as received. Nanoparticles were initially washed with ethanol, then finally washed with triple-distilled water to prepare nanoparticle suspensions.
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