The coordinates for the stereotactic device were adjusted to match the thalamic DBS target coordinates and the arc and collar angle values derived during the surgical planning process. DBS electrode implantation was performed identical to that of the porcine experiments with the exception that DBS lead securement was achieved using the Stimloc™ lead anchoring device (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
Stimloc
Manufactured by Medtronic
Sourced in United States
Stimloc is a laboratory equipment designed for precise stimulation control. It provides accurate and programmable electrical stimulation signals for various research and testing applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Kinetra, by Medtronic (2 mentions)
Leksell g frame, by Elekta (2 mentions)
Iplan, by Brainlab (2 mentions)
Model 3389, by Medtronic (1 mentions)
Nexframe, by Medtronic (1 mentions)
Stealthstation s7 system, by Medtronic (1 mentions)
Magnetom avanto, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Surgiplan system, by Elekta (1 mentions)
7 protocols using stimloc
1
Stereotactic DBS Electrode Implantation
2
Awake Stereotactic DBS Implantation
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On the morning of the surgery, a Leksell frame was fixed to the patient’s head under local anaesthesia. Coordinates and trajectories were calculated using the iPlan stereotactic planning software (Brainlab) based on MRI. Shallow propofol sedation and local anaesthesia were given during burr hole drilling and fixation using Stimloc (Medtronic). MER and neurological testing were done under awake condition up to the implantation of the permanent electrodes (3389, Medtronic). Postoperative computed tomography (CT) was used for confirmation of leads’ locations and for ruling out any complications.
3
Comparison of DBS Lead Anchoring Devices
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Lead anchoring devices in this study were from three DBS manufactures in China including Medtronic, PINS Medical, and SceneRay. The traditional lead anchoring devices were used in the DBS products manufactured by Medtronic and PINS Medical, while the Stimloc™ and TouchLoc devices were exclusively owned and patented by Medtronic and SceneRay, respectively (Fig. 1 ). Specifically, the traditional one simply consists of the base ring installed on the burr hole and the cap to press the lead on the groove of the base ring without the lead clamp, which is not patented as the above two.![]()
Three lead anchoring devices used in this study.
4
Stereotactic Deep Brain Stimulation Procedures
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One day before surgery, all patients underwent a brain MRI scan. On the day of surgery, a brain computed tomography (CT) scan with a Leksell G frame (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) mounted on the skull was performed before surgery. The CT image was then fused to the MRI scan using Stereotactic Planning Software (iPlan, Brainlab, Feldkirchen, Germany) for target determination and trajectory planning. Implantation of electrodes was performed under local anesthesia, under stereotactic guidance and microelectrode recording (MER) technique. The quadripolar leads (Model 3389, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were inserted into target position if satisfactory signals from MER were obtained. Intraoperative test stimulation was performed to monitor improvements of Parkinsonian signs and stimulation-induced side effects. After ensuring accurate electrode placement, the leads were secured at the burr-hole site with an anchoring device (Stimloc, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). A similar procedure was repeated on the opposite side. Finally, an IPG (Kinetra, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was implanted subcutaneously in the right sub-clavicular area and connected to extended leads under general anesthesia.
5
Stereotactic DBS Lead Implantation Procedure
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The DBS electrode lead placement surgery was performed with stereotactic guidance (Nexframe, Medtronic, Fridley, MN). After preoperative planning, bone fiducial markers were registered, the planned incision was marked, and surgery was performed with sterile technique, mild sedation, and local anesthesia. A burr hole was made with meticulous hemostasis. The dura was opened and tissue glue was applied to minimize cerebrospinal fluid loss. A burr hole cover (Stimloc, Medtronic) was secured to the skull for mini frame attachment, and the frame was navigated (StealthStation S7 System, Medtronic) and locked into position. The motor drive was attached and microelectrode recording needle was inserted to an initial position 10 mm above target. After mapping was completed, the lead (Lead 3387S-40, Medtronic) was placed and secured to the skull with a locking cap.
6
Stereotactic Implantation of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes
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On the day prior to surgery, all patients underwent a brain MRI scan. A Leksell G‐frame (Elekta AB) was secured to the skull during the preoperative brain CT scan. Subsequently, the CT image was merged with the MRI image for each patient using stereotactic planning software (iPlan, Brainlab) to determine the target and plan the trajectory. Electrode implantation was performed using stereotactic guidance and microelectrode recording (MER) technique under local anesthesia. The quadripolar leads (model 3389, Medtronic) were inserted at the target positions once satisfactory signals were obtained from MER. Intraoperative experimental stimulation was performed to evaluate the improvement in PD symptoms and stimulation‐related side effects. After confirming accurate placement of the electrode, the lead was secured with a fixation device (Stimloc, Medtronic) to the drilled site. The implantation of leads on the opposite side was conducted using the same procedure. Finally, an IPG (Kinetra, Medtronic) was subcutaneously implanted in the right subclavicular area and connected to the extended leads under general anesthesia (Jiang et al., 2015 (link)).
7
Stereotactic Electrode Implantation for Neuromodulation
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Leksell G head frame and Surgiplan system (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) were adopted. After implanting electrodes under local anesthesia, a bone hole was sealed with biomedical fibrin glue. Then, an external neurostimulator was connected to carry out intraoperative macrostimulation tests and record the threshold value of efficacy and adverse reactions of electrical stimulation. The test cathode contact was the most inferior contact, and the anode contact was the superior contact. The electrodes are 3389 (Medtronic, Villalba, USA) or L301 (PINS, Beijing, China). Stimulation parameters were as follows: pulse width: 60 μs; frequency: 130 Hz; with the voltage increasing from 1.5 V to 5.0 V gradually. Side effects were observed and recorded. After fixing the electrode with Stimloc (Medtronic, Villalba, USA) or Leadloc (PINS, Beijing, China), the scalp was sutured. If the position of the electrode was satisfactory after confirmed by a 1.5 T MRI (Siemens MAGNETOM Avanto, Germany) scanning with frame, an extension lead and implantable pulse generator were implanted under general anesthesia.
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