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10 protocols using mek1 2

1

Comprehensive Western Blot Analysis of EGFR Signaling

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For Western blot analysis, cells were lysed with RIP buffer (Boster) supplemented with RNase inhibitor and phosphatase inhibitor after cell transfection. Protein concentration was identified using a BCA kit (Invitrogen). The lysate sample was separated on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel and blotted onto blotted onto PVDF membranes. The membrane was incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 °C, including EGFR (1:2000, Abcam), P-EGFR (1:2000, Abcam), KRAS (1:2000, Abcam), BRAF (1:2000, Abcam), MEK1/2 (1:2000, Abcam), P-MEK1/2 (1:1000, Proteintech), ERK (1:2000, Abcam), P-ERK (1:2000, Abcam), MAP3K1 (1:700, Proteintech), P-MAP3K1 (1:1000, Proteintech), β-actin (1:700, Proteintech), incubate for 2 hours at room temperature with anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Finally, protein band detection was performed using a Chemiluminescent Reagent (ECL) kit (Beyotime Biotechnology).
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2

Colchicine Mitigates CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis

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In this study, colchicine was purchased from Xishuangbanna Banna Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Yunnan, China). CCl4 was supplied by Tianjin Guangfu Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). Alanine amino transferase (ALT, Cat. No.: 20180627), aspartate amino transferase (AST, Cat. No.: 20180607), collagen IV (COL-IV, Cat. No.: 201809), hyaluronic acid (HA, Cat. No.: 201808), laminin (LN, Cat. No.: 201809), and precollagen type III (PC III, Cat. No.: 201809) detection kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). The antibodies of phospho-c-Jun, phospho-MEK1/2, HMGB1, α-SMA, phospho-ERK1/2, and ERK1/2 were bought from Cell Signaling Technology (United States). The antibodies of MEK1/2 and COL-I were purchased from Abcam (United States) and the antibodies of RAGE and GAPDH were bought from ABclonal (China).
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3

Western Blotting of GSC Proteins

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Western blotting was performed as previously described [23 (link)]. Briefly, the total proteins of GSCs or tissues were isolated using a total cell protein extraction kit (KeyGen Biotechnology, Nanjing, China). Protein lysates were prepared, subjected to SDS-PAGE, transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin (KeyGen Biotechnology). The primary antibodies against ISL2 (1:1000; Abcam), VEGFA (1:1000; Abcam), VEGFR2 (1:1000; Abcam), p-VEGFR2 (1:1000; Abcam), MEK1/2 (1:1000; Abcam), p-MEK1/2 (1:1000; Abcam), ERK1/2 (1:500; Abcam), p-ERK1/2 (1:500; Abcam), and β-actin (1:2000; Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA) were incubated at 4 °C overnight. After secondary antibody (Proteintech) incubation, the bands were detected using a chemiluminescence ECL kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Beijing, China) and quantified by ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Whole cell lysates were prepared in RIPA lysis buffer (P0013B, Beyotime) or 2×loading buffer, then separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequently transferred onto a PVDF membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Membrane was blocked with 5% (m/v) BSA for 1 hr at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight and second antibodies at room temperature. The following antibodies were used: pERK (CST#4370S), ERK (CST#9102S), SHP2 (CST#3397T), HA (CST#2367S), FLAG(Sigma# F1804) GAPDH (CST #2118S) and α-tubulin (abcam# ab52866), pMEK1/2(S217/221) (CST#9154), MEK1/2(CST#9122).
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5

Molecular Signaling Pathways Modulation

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After treatment with siRNA negative control (si-NC), si-Spry3, agomiR-NC, agomiR-18a, agomiR-BART10-5p, agomiR-18a combined agomiR-BART10-5p, antagomiR-NC, antagomiR-18a, antagomiR-BART10-5p, and antagomiR-18a combined antagomiR-BART10-5p, HONE1 and HONE1-EBV cells were harvested and lysed in lysis buffer supplemented with protease inhibitors. MicroRNA mimics, agomiRs, inhibitors, and antagomiRs were transfected at 50 nmol/L with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen, USA). Protein lysate was resolved on 10% SDS-PAGE followed by blot transfer onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Millipore, USA) using the semidry NovaBlot system (Amersham Pharmacia, UK) for western blot analysis. After that, the membranes were first incubated with antibodies against GAPDH (Proteintech, USA), Spry3, Ras, c-Raf, MEK1/2, Erk1/2, mTOR, eIF4E1, VEGF, mmp2, and HIF1-α (Abcam, UK) overnight at 4°C, followed by a 1- to 2-h incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. The protein signals were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Fdbio Science, China) and analyzed using the Bio-Rad (USA) imaging system and the associated software according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Antibodies concentrations are listed in Table S1.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Pathways

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The cells were plated and allowed to adhere in complete medium overnight, followed by treatment with the indicated reagent. The cells were then lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany). Protein lysates were harvested and centrifuged, and the supernatants were collected and quantified with a BCA protein assay (Pierce Chemical Co., USA). Equal amounts of protein sample (20 µg) were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Millipore, Bedford, USA) using a Bio-Rad semidry transfer system. Protein expression was analysed using an ODYSSEY Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA). The primary antibodies included phospho-MEK (Ser217/221) PARP (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), MEK1/2, ERK1/2, phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK) (Thr202/Tyr204), c-Myc, bax, cyclin D1 (Abcam, UK), and GAPDH (Santa Cruz, USA).
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7

Immunoblot Analysis of Cellular Markers

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Immunoblot was carried out as outlined in a previous report13 (link) with primary antibodies against F4/80 (Santa Cruz), CD206 (BioLegend), E-cadherin (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), N-cadherin (Proteintech, Wuhan, China) and Slug (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), CRYAB (Abcam), Phospho-MEK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), MEK1/2 (Abcam), Phospho-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), Fra-1 (Abcam) and GAPDH (Proteintech, Wuhan, China).
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8

Insulin Assay Protocol for Cell Studies

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Insulin assay kit was obtained from Millipore (USA). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), phenol red-free DMEM, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Gibco (USA). Penicillin, streptomycin, and 0.25% trypsin were purchased from Invitrogen (USA). The Annexin V-FITC&PI kit was obtained from Merck Millipore (USA). The 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) was obtained from Sigma (USA). Metformin was purchased from Squibb Pharmaceutical (Shanghai, China). Blood sugar meter and blood sugar test paper were purchased from Sannuo Biosensors (Changsha, China). Assay kits of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids were from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Palmitic acid was from Sigma (USA).The primary antibodies against ERK1/2, p- ERK1/2, MEK1/2, p-MEK1/2, cleaved-caspase-3, and GAPDH were from Abcam (USA). The secondary antibodies were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (China). The herbs in WSZYF were purchased from Tongrentang Pharmacy (Tangshan, China). Wushenziye formula (freeze-dried powder) dissolved in DMEM was deposited in -20°C.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Pathways

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Total protein was extracted using cold radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer with proteinase inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors. The protein was quantified by BCA assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Beijing, China), separated on SDS-PAGE, and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Then, the PVDF membranes were incubated with the indicated antibodies as follows: MAP3K9 (Abcam), MEK1/2 (Abcam), pMEK1/2 (Abcam), ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), pERK1/2 (CST), NF-κB (p65, CST), and β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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10

Spiclomazine Modulates Cell Signaling Pathways

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Media (DMEM and IMDM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand island, NY). Unless otherwise notified, all chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Spiclomazine, 1-Thia-4,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one,8-[3-(2- chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-, hydrochloride (1:1) (Supplementary Figure 1), was kindly supplied from NCI/DTP Open Chemical Repository (http://dtp.cancer.gov) and further confirmed. Spiclomazine was dissolved in DMSO to make stock solution (10 mg/mL) and further diluted to appropriate concentrations with double distilled water containing 10% DMSO immediately before use. The c-Raf, MEK1/2, p-MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bax, β-Actin, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 primary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit and anti-mouse secondary antibodies were obtained from BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA).
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