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27 protocols using horseradish peroxidase linked secondary antibody

1

Western Blot Analysis of Lipid Regulators

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Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, and gels were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (GE Healthcare). Membranes were washed with TBS 0.2% Tween, blocked in TBS supplemented with 0.2% Tween, 3% BSA and 0.5% gelatin for 30 min at room temperature and probed with specific antibodies overnight at 4°C. After three washes of 10 min in TBS 0.2% Tween, blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 45 min at room temperature, followed by EZ-ECL assay, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Biological Industries). Chemiluminescence was detected using a Chemidoc (BioRad). Primary antibodies used were: anti-Srebp2 (ab30682; Abcam), p-AMPKα (#2535; cell signaling), Abca1 (ab18180; Abcam), Abcg8 (ab126493; Abcam) and anti-Gapdh (ab9485; Abcam).
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2

Adipose Tissue AKT Phosphorylation

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Protein extracts from peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes, and western blotting were performed as previously described with antibodies against Id3 (Calbioreagents) and β-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology). 10 (mg) omental adipose tissue was homogenized in 250ul protein lysis buffer (10% glycerol, 1% NP-40, 137 mM NaCl, 25 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 1 mM EGTA) containing protease inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma–Aldrich) and lysed on ice for 30 min. Protein lysate was collected and western blotting was performed with antibodies against AKT (1:1000, Cell Signaling) and Thr308 pAKT (1:1000, Cell Signaling), followed by horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody (Jackson). Relative AKT phosphorylation was determined by normalizing pAKT to total AKT in each sample.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis in Osteoblastic Cells

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Total protein was extracted from OS cell lines and human normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19 using the RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, USA), and 90 μg of total protein per well was used for Western blot in accordance with the protocols of the manufacturer. The primary antibodies of c-Fos (1:1000, Cell Signaling), Wnt2 (1:1000, Abcam), and Fzd9 (1:1000, Abcam) incubated at 4°C for overnight and the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody (1:20000, Jackson Immuno-Research, USA) were used to visualize the immunoreactivity. The house-keeping protein GAPDH was used as an internal control. The intensity of each band was measured with the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 analytic system.
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4

Western Blot Protein Detection Protocol

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Immunoblots were performed as described previously (Yang et al., 2006 (link); Zhang et al., 2007 (link)). Briefly, the equal amount of protein was loaded and separated on SDS NuPAGE Novex 4-12% gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Proteins were transferred to the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA). The membrane was blocked in a blocking buffer (3% nonfat dry milk in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 0.1% Tween-20) for 1 h, followed by incubation in the blocking buffer containing a primary antibody overnight at 4°C. The membrane was then incubated in a horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratory, West Grove, PA) for 1 h at 1:5,000. Immunoblots were developed with the enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Piscataway, NJ). MagicMark XP Western protein standards (Invitrogen) were used for protein size determination. X-ray film images of all immunoblots were measured using NIH ImageJ analysis software (RRID: nif-0000-30467). β-Actin was used as a loading control in Western blot analysis.
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5

Apoptosis Signaling Pathway Profiling

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Forty micrograms of radio-immuno-precipitation assay (Boston BioProducts, Ashland, MA) soluble fraction of myocardial lysates were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 3%–8% Tris-Acetate gel (NuPage Novex Mini Gel). The protein was then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA) and incubated overnight at 4 degrees C with primary antibodies at dilutions recommended by the manufacturer against cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, cleaved caspase 9, Bax, BAD, p-BAD, caspase 3, BCL-2, p-BCL2, p-AKT , ERK ½, p-ENOS, ENOS, and AKT (all from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Membranes were incubated with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody for 1h at room temperature (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). Immune complexes were visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence and images were captured with a digital camera system (G-Box, Syngene, Cambride, England). Band densitometry was quantified as arbitrary light units using Image J Software. All membranes were probed with GAPDH (Cell Signaling) to correct for loading error.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Western Blots were conducted as previously described.30 (link) Tissue was lysed in radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer (Boston BioProducts, Ashland, MA); 40ug were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfide polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 3%–8% Tris-Acetate gels (NuPage Novex Mini Gel), and the protein was transferred to polyvinylidene diflouride membranes (PVDF) (Millipore, Billerica, MA) and incubated overnight at 4 degrees C with primary antibodies against cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, phosphorylated (serine 140) myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 (p-MCL-1) , transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), phosphorylated-SMAD2/3, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) (all from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Twenty-four hours later, the membranes were incubated with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody for 1h at room temperature (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). Immune complexes were visualized with enhanced chemi-luminescence. Images were captured with a digital camera system (G-Box, Syngene, Cambridge, England). Image J software was used to quantify band densitometry as arbitrary light units. Loading error was controlled for by probing membranes with an antibody against GAPDH.
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7

Autophagy Pathway Protein Analysis

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Protein lysates prepared from NIM and IM. Lysate preparation, western blotting, image capture and band quantification methods were performed as previously described. Lysates transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, Bedford MA) were incubated overnight at 4°C in primary antibodies at dilutions recommended by the manufacturer. Primary antibodies used were mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin 1, light chain 3B-I (LC3B-I), light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II) (all from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA); and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP 2) (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY). Membranes were incubated with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody at room temperature for approximately one hour (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). All membranes were probed with glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) to correct for protein loading error.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Testes Proteins

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Testes were lysed with SDS sample buffer and heated for 5 min at 95°C. Samples were separated by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA), followed by blocking in tris-buffered saline with Tween 20 (TBST) containing 5% defatted milk (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) for 30 min. After probing with primary antibodies, the membranes were washed in TBST, incubated with a horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories) for 1 hour, followed by three washes with TBST. Bound antibodies were detected using the SuperSignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The primary antibodies and dilution factors used are listed in table S3.
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9

Protein Extraction and Western Blotting

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Whole proteins from cell lysates and lung tissues were extracted using RIPA lysis solution (P0013B, Beyotime, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and measured using a BCA kit (P0009, Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Equal amounts of protein were separated on 8%–12% SDS–PAGE gels (Vazyme, Nanjing, China), blotted onto PVDF membranes (Merck Millipore, Germany), blocked with 5% nonfat milk in Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20 (TBST) (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for 1 h, and incubated overnight at 4°C in antibody diluent (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) containing the following primary antibodies: rabbit antibody against p21 (1:1,000 dilution), rabbit antibody against p16 (1:1,000 dilution), rabbit antibody against p-p38MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (1:1,000 dilution), rabbit antibody against p38MAPK polyclonal antibody (1:1,000 dilution); mouse antibody against p53 (1:5,000 dilution); mouse antibody against GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, 1:50,000 dilution; ProteinTech); and mouse antibody against ß-Tubulin (10094-1-AP, 1:2,000 dilution; ProteinTech). The membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody (Jackson Labs, United States) for 1 h, and protein expression was detected using ECL (Vazyme, Nanjing, China). Images were captured using the Tanon 5,200 imaging system (Shanghai, China). ImageJ software (version 2.0.0) was used for gray value analysis.
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10

Western Blotting for Protein Analysis

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Western blot analyses were described in a previous study [23 (link)]. Briefly, cells were harvested by low-speed centrifugation and washed with PBS. Cells were lysed in RIPA Buffer (Cell Signaling Technology, 9800), and protein concentrations were determined using BCA assays (Cell Signaling Technology, 7780). Forty micrograms of each protein sample were separated using 12% SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad). Membranes were blocked with 1 × Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20 (TBST) and 5% (w/v) non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature. Then, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Subsequently, blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch) for an additional 1 h. Immunoreactive bands were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence system (GE Healthcare).
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