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30 protocols using axio vision le 4

1

Cardiomyocyte Size Quantification

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Cardiomyocytes were outlined using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) histochemistry, as previously described, using an Alexa Fluor® 594 Conjugate (Life Technologies) (dilution 1:100) [19 (link)]. Cardiomyocyte size was quantified using AxioVision LE 4.8 software (Zeiss). A total of 80 cells from ten fields from three non-adjacent stained sections at 3 different levels were used for analysis (n=13–14 hearts/group). Cardiomyocyte area was expressed in μm2.
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2

Quantitative Cardiac Histomorphometry

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Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded hearts were sectioned from base to apex
at 250 μm intervals as previously described (30 (link)). Ten serial 5-μm sections were obtained
at each interval, corresponding to an additional 50-μm segment. The
first section from each interval was stained with hematoxylin/eosin. Each
section was scanned at ×10 magnification, the left atrium was
identified, and the left atrial wall area (LAWA), left atrial chamber area
(LACA), short and long axis of the atrium were measured using Axiovision LE 4.8
software (Zeiss). Assessment of left atrial volume and mass was performed by
calculating the sum of the volumes of all 300-μm partitions. Because
histological processing results in shrinkage of the processed tissue (31 (link)), the values were corrected by a linear
factor of 1.3. The following formulas were used, adapted from our published work
describing morphometric strategies used for assessment of ventricular remodeling
following reperfused murine myocardial infarction (30 (link)): LA volume=(LACA1+LACA2+..........+LACAn)h,where h=0.3mm,
LA wall volume=(LAWA1+LAWA2++LAWAn)h(h=0.3mm),
and LA mass=LA wall volume1.065mg/μl(specific gravity of myocardium).
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3

Quantifying Atrial Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Fibrosis

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In order to assess atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mouse models of
heart disease, cardiomyocytes were outlined using WGA lectin histochemistry,
using a WGA Alexa Fluor® 594 Conjugate (Life Technologies) (dilution
1:100). Sections were counterstained with DAPI. Cardiomyocyte size was
quantitatively assessed using Axiovision LE 4.8 software (Zeiss). Fifty
cardiomyocytes cut at cross-section were assessed from each mouse. Mean
cardiomyocyte area was expressed in μ2. Interstitial fibrosis
was assessed through quantitation of the WGA-stained interstitial area using
Image Pro Plus software. Quantitative assessment of the WGA-stained area has
been validated as a reliable technique for evaluation of cardiac fibrosis (32 (link)). Quantitative assessment of
interstitial cellularity in the left atrium was performed by counting the number
of DAPI-positive interstitial nuclei per area of myocardium. Cell density was
expressed as cells/mm2. Six fields scanned at 400×
magnification from two different stained sections were used for analysis of each
mouse.
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4

Immunofluorescence Staining of Keratinocytes

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Keratinocytes were grown on cover-slips and fixed in methanol for 3 minutes, followed by acetone fixation for 30 seconds. Unspecific binding sites were blocked by incubation with 1% BSA/TBS and the incubation with the primary antibodies was overnight at 4°C, followed by secondary antibodies and nuclear staining with DAPI. The slides were mounted in Dako Fluorescence Mounting Medium, examined with a Axiophot 2E photomicroscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) equipped with Zeiss Plan-Neofluar and Apochromat lenses 63x, NA 1.25 and 1.4 and recorded with a digital camera (AxiocamHR, Carl Zeiss, Germany). Image analysis and processing were performed using the AxioVision LE 4.6 (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Adobe Illustrator Artwork CS4 software.
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5

Cyanobacteria Morphological Evaluation

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Morphological evaluation of the cyanobacteria in collected phytoplanktonic water samples as well as Ganga isolates was carried under phase-contrast microscope (Nikon TE200) and photographed using a Zeiss Axioskop 60 optical light microscope equipped with an AxioVision LE 4.6 digital imaging system (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
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6

Quantifying DNA Damage in KRAS Mutant Cells

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H460 cell lines with KRAS mutation and H1299 cell lines with wild-type KRAS were grown on glass coverslips, and irradiated with 4 Gy after 1 h, 8 h, and 24 h; washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/PBS for 10 min; and processed for immunofluorescence using the relevant γH2AX antibody (1:400, Cell Signaling Technology)). The relevant secondary antibodies were fluorochrome-conjugated Cy3 (1:300, Jackson ImmunoResearch). Images were captured using a digital camera (AxioCam MRm; Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc.) attached to a fluorescent microscope (Axioskop2 Mot Plus; Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc.) (× 100 magnification). AxioVision LE 4.3 software (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc.) was used to capture the individual images. Fluorescence intensity was quantitated using ImageJ software.
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7

Confocal Microscopy Analysis of Antennae

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Antennae from WM-FISH and WM-FIHC experiments were analyzed with a Zeiss LSM510 Meta laser scanning microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Confocal image stacks of the red and green fluorescence channel as well as the transmitted-light channel were taken from single antennal segments. Pictures represent projections of selected optical planes, with the fluorescence channels and the transmitted-light channel overlaid or shown separately. Longer antennal stretches were arranged from single pictures representing projections of selected planes of confocal image stacks.
Brightfield images illustrating different sensilla types were taken using an Axioskop 2 Mot (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) equipped with an AxioCam MRc5 and the AxioVision LE 4.3 software.
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8

Visualizing Emx1-Cre Neuron Transgenics

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Emx1 Cre ;ZsGreen and GCaMP6-injected Emx1 Cre mice were transcardially perfused under deep isoflurane anaesthesia with 0.1 M PBS and 4% formaldehyde in PBS (pH 7.4). Brains were collected and post-fixed in 4% formaldehyde at 4°C for 24 h. Coronal sections 50 μm thick were made using a vibratome through frontal cortex and striatum. On a revolving platform, sections were incubated for 2 h in PBST (PBS with 0.2% Triton X-100), blocked in 5% BSA in PBST for 4 h and incubated in chicken polyclonal anti-GFP antibody (Abcam, ab13970, 1:2000) in PBST for 12 h at 4°C. Following three 1 h washes in PBST, sections were incubated in Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken antibody (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA; A-11039, 1:2000) in PBST for 12 h at 4°C. Following a 1 h wash in PBST and two 1 h washes in PBS, sections were mounted on Superfrost Plus slides (Daigger, Vernon Hills, IL, USA; EF15978Z) using Fluoromount Aqueous Mounting Medium (Sigma, F4680), coverslipped and imaged using Zeiss AxioVision LE 4.3 software with a Zeiss Axiocam on a Zeiss SteREO Lumar microscope. Brightness was adjusted uniformly in each image for presentation.
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9

Quantitative Analysis of Dorsal Horn Neuropeptides

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Quantitative assessment of VGLUT1, VGLUT2, and met-ENK immunoreactivity was calculated by determining immunofluorescence intensity within 1 × 104 μm2 boxes placed onto areas of the lateral, central, and medial dorsal horn laminae I-III and laminae IV-VI (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 only) using Axiovision LE 4.8 software (Zeiss). Background fluorescence intensity of each tissue section was also determined and subtracted from the values obtained. Three L3-L5 sections (at least 160 μm apart) from each animal were randomly selected from at least 4 animals per experimental group.
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10

Cytogenetic Analysis of Triatomine Bugs

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Triatoma tibiamaculata (from Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo, Brazil), P. megistus (from Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil), P. lignarius (from Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil) and P. lutzi (from Irecê, Bahia, Brazil) males were dissected; the testes were removed and stored in methanol:acetic acid solution (3:1). Slides were prepared by the cell crushing technique (as described by Alevi et al. [33 (link)]), and cytogenetic analyses were applied to confirm the karyotype of the species using the lacto-acetic orcein technique [33 (link), 34 (link)]. The slides were examined using Jenaval light microscopy (Zeiss) coupled to a digital camera and the Axio Vision LE 4.8 image analyzer system, with a 1000-fold increase.
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