Anti ha

Cells were lysed using RIPA reagent (Pierce, Thermo Scientific) supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein concentrations were measured using the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific), and the cell lysates were denatured with loading buffer. For immunoblot analysis, immunoprecipitates or whole-cell lysates were loaded and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and the proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Millipore) for immunoblot analysis as described previously^{51 (link)}. The following antibodies were used for immunoblot analysis: Anti-STING (1:1000, #13647), anti-TBK1 (1:1000, #3504), anti-p-IRF3 (1:1000, #4947), anti-IRF3 (1:1000, #4302), anti-p-STAT1 (1:1000, #9167), anti-cGAS (1:1000, #31659), and anti-streptavidin-HRP (1:1000, #3999) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-NMT1 (1:2000, ab186123), anti-ICP5 (1:3000, ab6508), anti-LC3B (1:2000, ab192890), and anti-p-TBK1 (1:1000, ab109272) were purchased from Abcam. Anti-Myc (1:5000, M4439) and anti-Flag (1:5000, F1804) antibodies were purchased from Sigma. Anti-β-actin (1:20,000, 66009-I-Ig) and anti-ARF1(1:1000, 20226-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech. Anti-HA (1:2000, TA180128) was purchased from Origene.

Antibodies were obtained as follows: anti-SDMA-Arginine (13222 S, 1:500); anti-ADMA -Arginine (13522 S, 1:500); anti-MMA-anti- Arginine (8015 S, 1:500); anti-IRF3 (4302 S, 1:1000); anti-p-IRF3 (4947 s, 1:1000); anti-TBK1(3013 S, 1:1000); anti-p-TBK1 (5483 S, 1:1000); and anti-PCNA (#13110, 1:1000) were purchased from Cell Singling Technologies; anti-PRMT9 (Abclonal, WG-03137D, 1:1000); anti-TOMM20 (Abcam, ab186734, 1:1000); anti-VSV G (Sigma Aldrich, 1:500); anti-Myc (Origene, 9E10, 1:1000); anti-HA (Origene, TA180128, 1:1000); anti-Flag (Sigma Aldrich, F1804, 1:1000); anti-MAVS (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-365333, 1:500 for WB, 1:100 for Co-IP); anti-GFP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-9996, 1:1000); anti-β-actin (ZSGB-BIO, TA-09 Mouse, 1:1000), Goat-anti-mouse AlexaFluor-488(Cat.#:A-11001; AB_2534069, 1:200), Goat-anti-rabbit AlexaFluor-488 (Cat.#:A-11034; AB_2576217, 1:200), Goat-anti-mouse AlexaFluor-568 (Cat.#:A-11004; AB_2534072, 1:200), Goat-anti-rabbit AlexaFluor-568 (Cat.#:A-11011; AB_143157, 1:200), and 5′-pppRNA were purchased from Invivogen, with 0.5 μg/ml being used as a final concentration.

Anti-Flag (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Myc (Santa Cruz), anti-α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), and anti-HA (Origene) mouse monoclonal antibodies were used as primary antibodies for immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (ZSGB-BIO) antibodies were used as secondary antibodies for immunoblotting.