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5 protocols using malvidin 3 o glucoside

1

Procurement of Glycosylated Anthocyanins

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UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-arabinose, cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), and pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside were obtained from Phytolab (Germany).
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2

Comprehensive Analytical Standards Protocol

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Methanol (MeOH) and hexane (HEX), both AnalaR
Normapur, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), both GPR
Rectapur, and acetonitrile (ACN) HiPerSolv Chromanorm for HPLC–CAD–MS
analysis were obtained from VWR (Vienna, Austria). Formic acid (purity
>98.0%) and conc. ammonia (24%) were purchased from Gatt-Koller
(Absam,
Austria). Water, for extraction and phytochemical analysis, was deionized
and distilled. Betulinic acid (purity 95%), corosolic acid (purity
90%), maslinic acid (purity 89%), oleanolic acid (purity 94%) and
ursolic acid (purity 94%), cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside
(purity 99%), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (purity 88%),
delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (purity 87%), malvidin-3-O-glucoside (purity 99%), peonidin-3-O-glucoside
(purity 94%), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside (purity
99%) were provided from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), hyperoside
(purity 99%), and rutin (purity 99%) from Extrasynthèse (Lyon,
France), and palmitic acid (purity 99%) and linoleic acid (purity
99%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Anthocyanins and Isoflavones

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All the chemicals and reagents used in the present study were of analytical grade (purity > 98.9%). Anthocyanin reference standards including cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside were purchased from PhytoLab (Bavaria, Germany). Isoflavone standards including malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin acetylgenistin, acetylglycitin, and acetyldaidzin were purchased from Synthose (Ontario, Canada) while malonylglycitin was purchased from Fujifilm (Osaka, Japan). HPLC-grade solvents including water and methanol were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Swedesboro, NJ, USA). Acetonitrile and acetic acid were purchased from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. The remaining reference standards and reagents including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, daidzein, daidzin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, glycitin, hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetone, ethanol, formic acid, gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, L-ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, diammonium salt of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH∙), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Polyphenol compound identification

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The following chemicals were used in this study: Acetonitrile CHROMASOLV gradient grade ≥ 99.9% (Honeywell Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany), acetic acid Optima® LC/MS glacial (Fisher Chemical, Geel, Belgium), acetone Reag. Ph. Eur. 100% (VWR, Fontenay-sous-Bois Cedex, France), methanol ≥99.8% HPLC grade (Fischer Scientific, Loughborough, United Kingdom), water (deionized, nanopure®, Werner, Leverkusen, Germany).
(−)-Epicatechin was purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany). (+)-Catechin, procyanidin dimer B1, procyanidin trimer C1, gallic acid, quercetin, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cinnamtannin A2 were obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Dimer B2, B5 and B7 were kindly provided from Technische Universität Braunschweig (Braunschweig, Germany). The anthocyanin reference compounds delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, petundin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside were purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). All these pure standards were used for identification.
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5

Comprehensive Phytochemical Standard Acquisition

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UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, delphinidin, cyanidin and malvidin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (USA), petunidin and peonidin from Tokiwa Phytochemical (Japan), pelargonidin, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside from Phytolab (Germany), quercetin, kaempferol from ChromaDex (USA), and 3-O-glucoside of kaempferol from Extrasynthese (France).
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