Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammine platinum(II), cDDP, >99.9%), minimum essential medium (MEM), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), oxaliplatin (OXA), penicillin/streptomycin 100× solution, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) (K2PtCl4, >99.9%), potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) (K2PdCl4, >99.9%), N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (spermine, free base, Spm), sodium pyruvate (100 mM), trypan blue (0.4% w/v), trypsin-EDTA (1×), as well as solvents, inorganic salts and acids (all of analytical grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical S.A. (Sintra, Portugal). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gibco-Life Technologies (Porto, Portugal). Pt2Spm and Pd2Spm were synthesized according to published procedures [48 ] optimized by the authors [16 (link)]. Briefly, 2 mmol of K2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 were dissolved in a small amount of water, and 1 mmol Spm aqueous solution was added dropwise under stirring. After 24 h, the resulting powder was filtered and washed with acetone. For drug administration, initial stock solutions of cDDP (960 µM), OXA (1 mM), Pt2Spm (2.4 mM) and Pd2Spm (960 µM) were prepared in PBS, for the first two, and PBS/DMSO (20%), for the last two. All solutions were filtered (0.22 µm filter) and stored at 4 °C.
Potassium tetrachloropalladate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Portugal
Potassium tetrachloropalladate is a chemical compound with the formula K2[PdCl4]. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is used as a precursor in the synthesis of other palladium-containing compounds. The compound consists of a palladium(II) center coordinated by four chloride ligands, with potassium cations to balance the charge.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Trypsin edta, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trypan blue, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cisplatin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N n bis 3 aminopropyl 1 4 diaminobutane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin 100 solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium pyruvate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium tetrachloroplatinate 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nickel nitrate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Copper nitrate trihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Halloysite nanoclay, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulphoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetrachloroauric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Graphite powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using potassium tetrachloropalladate
1
Platinum and Palladium Complexes Evaluation
2
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Catalysts
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Halloysite nanoclay, potassium tetrachloropalladate (K4PdCl4), copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O), cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd. All reagents were used without further purification.
3
Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin and Pd2Spm
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Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammine platinum(II), >99.9%), (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dimethyl-sulphoxide (DMSO), penicillin/streptomycin 100× solution, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) (K2PdCl4, >99.9%), RPMI-1640 medium, N,N´-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (spermine, free base, Spm), Trypan blue (0.4% w/v), trypsin-EDTA (1×), as well as solvents, inorganic salts and acids, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical S.A. (Sintra, Portugal). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gibco-Life Technologies (Porto, Portugal). All reagents were of analytical grade. Pd2Spm was synthesized according to published procedures [45 ] optimized by the authors [46 (link)].
For drug administration, initial stock solutions of Cisplatin (320 µM) were prepared in PBS and Pd2Spm (320 µM) was prepared in PBS with a 10% (v/v) DMSO. All solutions were sterile filtered and stored at −20 °C.
For drug administration, initial stock solutions of Cisplatin (320 µM) were prepared in PBS and Pd2Spm (320 µM) was prepared in PBS with a 10% (v/v) DMSO. All solutions were sterile filtered and stored at −20 °C.
4
Synthesis of rGO-PANI Hybrid Catalysts
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Graphite powder (Alfa Aesar), aniline (Alfa Aesar), sulphuric acid (SRL), phosphoric acid (Alfa Aesar), hydrochloric acid (SRL), ammonium peroxydisulfate (Alfa Aesar), potassium permanganate (Sigma-Aldrich), potassium tetrachloropalladate (Alfa Aesar), tetrachloro auric acid (Alfa Aesar), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar), sodium borohydride (Alfa Aesar), hydrazine (Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (SRL), ethanol (SRL), hexane (Alfa Aesar), double distilled water were used as a starting precursors for the preparation of bare rGO, PANI, and rGO-PANI supported mono (Pd) & bimetallic (Pd: Au) nanocomposite hybrid catalysts.
5
Synthesis of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles
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Potassium tetrachloropalladate (K2PdCl4, 98%), gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4 × 3H2O, 99.9% trace metal basis), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), and L-ascorbic acid (AA, 99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received. All aqueous solutions were prepared with deionized water passed through a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water purification system (ρ = 18.2 MΩ cm).
6
Synthesis of Graphite-Based Nanocomposites
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Ruthenium
chloride, potassium
tetrachloro palladate, natural flakes of graphite, and ammonia were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was purchased from Spectrochem Pvt. Ltd, India. All the other chemicals
were purchased from Cisco and Merck and were used as received without
any further purification. All experiments were carried out by using
deionized water.
chloride, potassium
tetrachloro palladate, natural flakes of graphite, and ammonia were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was purchased from Spectrochem Pvt. Ltd, India. All the other chemicals
were purchased from Cisco and Merck and were used as received without
any further purification. All experiments were carried out by using
deionized water.
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