Ldh dependent cytotoxic nonradioactive cytotoxicity assays

Cisplatin, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), and LDH-dependent cytotoxic nonradioactive cytotoxicity assays were obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). The LC3B antibody was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). N-acetylcysteine (NAC), β-actin, and 2,7-dichloro-uorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). An anti-IRF-1 antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The Caspase-3 Fluorometric Assay kit was obtained from BioVision (Milpitas, CA, USA). Goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scienti c Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). 5,5',6,6'-Tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Assay kits for ATP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. (Nanjing, China). The FITC-Annexin V/7-AAD apoptosis detection kit was obtained from BD Biosciences (USA).