Novozym®435 (immobilised lipase from Candida antarctica of 10,000 Propyl Laurate Units (PLU) per gram), was a gift from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). N-methyl-glucamine (MEG) was purchased from Sigma. HPLC-grade methanol, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid for spectroscopy were purchased from Merck. Methyl laurate was procured from Fluka. Milli-Q (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA) quality water was used. N-Lauroyl-N-methyl glucamide (amide) and O-lauroyl-N-lauroyl methyl glucamide (amide-ester) were produced in-house enzymatically and purified using flash chromatography according to Maugard et al. [15 ]. Structure confirmation was done using infrared and mass spectroscopy.
Lauric acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Israel, France
Lauric acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in various natural sources, such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil. It serves as a key component in the formulation and manufacturing of various laboratory equipment and supplies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Stearic acid, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Palmitic acid, by Merck Group (28 mentions)
Myristic acid, by Merck Group (27 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Palmitoleic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Capric acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Caprylic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Octanoic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Iron 2 chloride tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Dl menthol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Lactic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Hexanoic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Decanoic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Milli q water, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
117 protocols using lauric acid
1
Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucamide Surfactants
2
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Lipopeptides
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All amino acid residues and coupling reagents were purchased from GL Biochem (Shanghai, China). The fatty acids: caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid, were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). The resin and solvents were purchased from Rapp Polymere (Tübingen, Germany) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The phospholipids, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DPPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (POPG) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The Mueller Hinton broth was bought from BIOCORP (Warsaw, Poland) and the RPMI-1640 medium from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus PCM 1650, Staphylococcus aureus PCM 2054, Staphylococcus epidermidis PCM 521, Staphylococcus epidermidis PCM 2118, Escherichia coli PCM 2057 obtained from the Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM, II TD PAN, Wrocław), Candida albicans PCM 2566, Candida glabrata CCM 8270, Candida krusei CCM 8271, Candida parapsilosis CCM 8260 were purchased from Czech Collection of Microorganisms (CCM, Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno).
3
Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Analysis
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Chemicals used were identical to Krauß et al.25 (link),27 (link) with few exceptions. (R,R,R)-α-tocopherol (≥97%) and (R,R,R)-γ-tocopherol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), while β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were from Supelco Analytical (Bellefonte, USA). Thionyl chloride, myristic acid (≥98%) and α-linolenic acid were from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany) and lauric acid and pentadecanoic acid (both >99%) were ordered from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
4
Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Synthesis
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Stearic acid (95%) and lauric acid (97%) were separately purchased from Merck (Germany) and Heowns (Tianjin, China). Imipenem (IMP, 98%) were purchased from Yuanye (Shanghai, China). IR780 iodide (IR780, 98%) and soybean lecithin (Mw ~750) were purchased from Sigma (USA). 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (Mw = 2000, DSPE-PEG2000) was purchased from Lipoid (Germany).
5
Fatty Acid Solubilization and Dilution
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Free fatty acids, i.e. stearic acid (Merck Schuchard, Hohenbrunn, Germany), oleic acid (Merck Darmstadt, Germany), linoleic acid (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany), linolenic acid (Sigma, Steinheim Germany), palmitic acid (Merck Schuchard, Hohenbrunn, Germany), palmitoleic acid (Fluka Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), myristic acid (Merck Schuchard, Hohenbrunn, Germany), or lauric acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were solubilized in 95% ethanol to give a concentration of 50 mM. Either one of these stock solutions was added 1:1000 to mMRS- to obtain a final fatty acid concentration of 50 μM.
6
Peptide Amphiphile Synthesis and Characterization
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Wang resin, 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc)-protected amino acids, and 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3 tetramethyluronium hexaf luoro-phosphate (HBTU) for peptide amphiphile synthesis were purchased from NovaBiochem (Alexandria, NSW, Australia). Lauric acid and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) were purchased from Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA). Other chemicals were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA) and used without any purification. We ensured that all chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
Millipore Milli-Q deionized water were used during the experiments with a resistance of 18 MΩ·cm. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was purchased from R&D Systems (293-VE-050/CF). The cell proliferation kit was purchased from Sigma (Cat. No. 11 465 007 001), and the goat-anti-human IgG/F (ab)2 antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Catalog #31122), Waltham, MA, USA.
All cell culture chemicals were purchased from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel), and cell culture consumables were purchased from Nest Scientific USA Inc. (Woodbridg, NJ, USA). Finally, the Lucentis used in our study was donated by Gazi University, Department of Ophthalmology.
Millipore Milli-Q deionized water were used during the experiments with a resistance of 18 MΩ·cm. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was purchased from R&D Systems (293-VE-050/CF). The cell proliferation kit was purchased from Sigma (Cat. No. 11 465 007 001), and the goat-anti-human IgG/F (ab)2 antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Catalog #31122), Waltham, MA, USA.
All cell culture chemicals were purchased from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel), and cell culture consumables were purchased from Nest Scientific USA Inc. (Woodbridg, NJ, USA). Finally, the Lucentis used in our study was donated by Gazi University, Department of Ophthalmology.
7
Fluorescent Dextran Permeability Assay
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Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans of 4 (FD-4), 20 (FD-20), 40 (FD-40), 70 (FD-70), and 150 (FD-150) kDa MWs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Caprylic acid ≥ 99% (C8) and capric acid ≥ 98% (C10) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), the lauric acid ≥ 98% (C12) was from Merck (Darmastdt, Germany), and the sodium taurocholate ≥ 95% (NaTC) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
8
Chitosan-Fatty Acid Nanomaterial Synthesis
9
Peptide Amphiphile Synthesis Protocol
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9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protected amino acids, Wang resin and 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3 tetramethyluronium hexaf luorophosphate (HBTU) for peptide amphiphile synthesis were purchased from NovaBiochem. Lauric acid and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) were purchased from Merck. Other chemicals were purchased from Alfa Aesar or Sigma–Aldrich and used without any purification. Millipore Milli-Q deionized water was used during the experiments with a resistance of 18 MΩ cm mouse mesenchymal stem cell was purchased from Cell Biologics (C57-6043). All cell culture chemicals were purchased from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel) and cell culture consumables were purchased from Nest Scientific USA Inc.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Glycopeptides
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Materials 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protected amino acids except glyco amino acid, [4-[a-(2 0 ,4 0dimethoxyphenyl)Fmoc-aminomethyl]phenoxy] acetamidonorleucyl-MBHA resin (Rink amide MBHA resin), Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Wang resin, and 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) were purchased from NovaBiochem and ABCR. Fmoc-Ser[b-Glc(OAc)4]-OH was purchased from AAPPTec. N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) and lauric acid were purchased from Merck. Piperidine, acetic anhydride, dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and triisoproplysilane (TIS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The other chemicals were purchased from Fisher and/or Alfa Aesar and all the chemicals were used as provided.
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin/ streptomycin (PS) antibiotic combination, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco, Life Technologies. AlamarBlue s was purchased from Invitrogen. BrdU (colorimetric) was purchased from Roche. Safranin-O, Oil Red-O, and Alizarin Red-S were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. For the protein expression analyses of the rat MSCs, the flow cytometry kit was purchased from BD Biosciences and collagenase (Type I Powder) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. All the antibodies were purchased from Abcam.
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin/ streptomycin (PS) antibiotic combination, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco, Life Technologies. AlamarBlue s was purchased from Invitrogen. BrdU (colorimetric) was purchased from Roche. Safranin-O, Oil Red-O, and Alizarin Red-S were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. For the protein expression analyses of the rat MSCs, the flow cytometry kit was purchased from BD Biosciences and collagenase (Type I Powder) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. All the antibodies were purchased from Abcam.
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