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239 protocols using acetic acid

1

Electrochemical Sensing of Biomarkers

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The seaweed was sourced from South American brown algae, while sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. DA was obtained from Merck. Fe(NO3)3, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), Nafion reagent, anhydrous ethanol, acetic acid, chitosan, and potassium nitrate (KNO3) were provided by China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation. Potassium chloride, potassium ferricyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA) were supplied by Shanghai Sango Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Collected urine samples were immediately sealed and were stored in a refrigerator. A phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, of 0.1 M and pH = 7.0, was prepared by mixing NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 stock solutions. Deionized water with a resistivity of 18 M/cm was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q water system (Millipore Inc., Burlington, MA, USA) and used throughout the experiment. All chemicals were of analytical grade and, unless otherwise stated, the chemicals or solvents used in this study did not require further purification.
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2

Characterization of Royal Jelly Fatty Acids

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RJSR with more than 70% 10-HDA was supplied by Zhejiang Jiangshan Health Bee Enterprise Co. Ltd. (Jiangshan, China). GE, AG, and the standard chemicals (10-HDA and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) for High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Enzymes (pepsin, pancreatin, and transglutaminase) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HPLC-grade methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate and analytically pure hydrochloric acid, NaOH, acetic acid, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 , and anhydrous sodium sulfate were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
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3

Electrochemical Sensing with Diverse Analytes

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3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), Co (NO3)2.6H2O, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, ascorbic acid, and dopamine were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Ruthenium bipyridine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Hexamethylenetetramine, Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, H2O2, acetic acid, sodium acetate, hydrochloric acid, and NaOH were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). All the chemical reagents were of analytical grade. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm at room temperature), obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corp., MA), was used to prepared all of the aqueous solutions.
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4

Multifunctional Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapy

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Sodium acetate (anhydrous), 3,3′5,5,5′-tetramethyldiphenylamine (TMB), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), dopamine hydrochloride, poly(4-benzene) ethylene sulfonic acid–cobalt maleate sodium salt (PSSMA), sodium dihydrogen phosphate, triethanolamine (TEA), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), Dulbecco modified eagle medium (DMEM), calcium fluoride (CaF2), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), acetone, ethanol, citric acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, BSA, and sodium fluoride (NaF) were bought from Aladdin Reagents (China). Acetic acid, trisodium citrate, and citric acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Capstone FS-66 reagent was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (USA). Human colon cancer cells (HT29) were purchased from the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).
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5

Biocatalytic Synthesis Using Renewable Feedstocks

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Bovine serum albumin (BSA), NADH, and NAD + were purchased from Roche (China). Glucose, ammonium sulfate, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, choline chloride, sodium hydroxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, epichlorohydrin, sodium thiosulfate, ethanediamine, glutaraldehyde, and sodium metaperiodate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China). Dextran (MW 70,000) was purchased from Energy Chemical (Shanghai, China). Polyethyleneimine solution (PEI, MW~1,300) was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd (China). One hundred meshes of cornstalk, pasture, wheat straw, rice husk, and poplar powder were purchased from XingYi Deep Processing Factory (China). 2-Cyclohexen-1-one was purchased from Chengdu Best Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China). The substrate 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one and the product 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one were synthesized and purified in our laboratory [26] . ER and GDH were constructed and expressed in our laboratory [26] . The deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared in our laboratory [27] . The other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade.
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6

Dexketoprofen Transdermal Formulation Development

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Dexketoprofen ((R, S)-2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionic acid) with purity of 99.5% was purchased from Huangshi Shixing Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. (Huangshi, China). Fenli was purchased from Hubei Anlian Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Wuxue, China). Azone (AZO), isopropyl myristate (IPM), propylene glycol (PG), lauryl lactate (LA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 200 were purchased from Merck Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Eudragit RL PO was provided by Degussa (Germany). Plasdone S-630 was supplied by International Specialty Products (USA). Kollidone PF 12 and PVP K30 were procured from BASF (Germany). Egg-albumin, xylene, and L-arginine were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Co. (Shanghai, China). Acetic acid was procured from Sino Pharm Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade or chromatography reagent grades.
All the animals used in this study were purchased from the SLAC Laboratory Animal Company Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The animal studies in this study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Investigations in Laboratory Animals and was approved by the National Pharmaceutical Engineering and Research Center.
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7

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Soy Protein Composite

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Hydroxyethyl cellulose (viscosity, 30,000 mPa) was supplied by Shandong Head Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). SPI with weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.05 × 105 was supplied by DuPont Protein Technology (Luohe, China). HEC and SPI were vacuum-dried for 24 h at 60°C before use. Aniline (purity 99.98%), epichlorohydrin (ECH, analytical grade, liquid, 1.18 g/mL), ammonium persulfate (APS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and acetic acid were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other chemicals were of analytical grade agents and used without further treatment.
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8

Characterization of 4M2NA Compound

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The 4M2NA (CAS: 96-96-8), with the purity of 99%, was purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd., The NaOH, anhydrous Na2SO4, FeSO4·7H2O, H2O2 (30%), methanol, phosphoric acid, KH2PO4, n-hexane, formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid were received from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The physical and chemical properties of 4M2NA are shown in Table 1.
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9

Synthesis of Pluronic F127 Nanoparticles

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Pluronic triblock copolymer poly(propylene
oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide) (F127, Mw = 12600, EO106PO70EO106) was purchased from Acros Corp. Tetrabutyl
titanate (TBOT, 99.5%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. Tetrahydrofuran
(THF), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36–38 wt %), acetic acid, and
anhydrous ethanol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,
Ltd. (China). All reagents were purchased from commercial sources
and used without further purification.
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10

Isolation and Culture of Calf Skin Fibroblasts

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Type-I collagen was extracted from calf skin, and prepared by the pathology laboratory of the Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan; α-MEM medium (Shanghai Huiying Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); trypsin (Beijing Geyuan Tianrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); type-II collagenase (Shanghai Shize Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); fluorescein diacetate (FDA)/propidium iodide (PI) dye (Shanghai Hualan Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.); DNA extraction kit (Shenzhen Baoankang Biology Co., Ltd.); ReactTra Ace Qpcr RT kit [Toyobo (Shanghai) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.]; acetic acid, NaOH, formaldehyde, and other chemical reagents were from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
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