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41 protocols using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate

1

Bismuth Oxide Synthesis from Mentha Leaves

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Graphene oxide (GO), Bismuth nitrate, Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (99.9% purity), Copper nitrate trihydrate, ammonia (NH3), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ethanol (≥ 99.9% purity) were brought from sigma Aldrich. Extract of mentha leaves was used to synthesize bismuth oxide.
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2

Nanoparticle-based Apoptosis Detection

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O], sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium borohydride (KBH4), hydrogen dioxide (H2O2), 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, MB, GSH, [Ru(dpp)3]Cl2, and DTNB were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. PEG-NH2 [molecular weight (MW), 5000] and Cy5.5-PEG-NH2 (MW, 5000) were provided by Nanocs Inc. Trypsin-EDTA, Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium, RPMI 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum, and PBS (pH 7.4) were provided by Gibco Life Technologies. Alexa Fluor 647 mouse anti-H2AX (pS139) and anti-cleaved poly(adenosine 5′-diphosphate–ribose) polymerase (Asp214) antibodies were secured from BD Pharmingen. Normal human liver cells (HL-7702; catalog no. 77402), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293, catalog no. CRL-1573), normal human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A, catalog no. CRL-10781), human breast cancer cell (MCF-7, catalog no. HTB-22), and human hepatoma cells (HepG2, catalog no. HB-8065) were supplied by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). ATCC used morphology, karyotyping, and polymerase chain reaction–based approaches to confirm the identity of human cell lines and rule out intra- and interspecies contamination. Also, the cell line was frequently evaluated through its morphological features.
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3

Synthesis of Bismuth Nanoparticles

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O], cityl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and methylene blue (MB) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All other chemicals employed were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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4

Synthesis of Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles

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All the chemicals used were of analytical grade. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) 98% purity, iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) 98% purity, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 98% purity, citric acid ≥ 99.5% purity were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionised water was employed throughout this study.
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5

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bi2S3 Nanoflowers

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3.5H2O from Sigma Aldrich), thiourea and polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) were used as precursors for hydrothermal synthesis of Bi2S3 nanoflowers. 0.322 g of Bi(NO3)3.5H2O was added to 8 ml of deionized (DI) water and stirred well. 1.288 g of PEG-4000 was dissolved in 2 ml of DI water, and stirred into the above solution. Finally, 1.288 g of thiourea was added and stirred well to obtain a clear, orange colored solution. The solution was then transferred into a 20 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and exposed to 180°C for 17.5 hours. Black precipitates, obtained upon hydrothermal reaction, were washed several times with DI water, and finally with absolute ethanol, and dried overnight at 60°C in an oven.
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6

Synthesis of Perovskite-based Photocatalysts

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3.5H2O, 99%), Cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O), Potassium chloride (KCl, 99%), Ethylene glycol (EG) ((CH2OH)2, 99%), Dimethylformamide (DMF) (C3H7NO), Rhodamine-B (RhB) (C22H24N2O8, 99%), Bisphenol-A (BPA) (C15H16O2, 99%), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) (C6H4O2, 99%), and Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol (EtOH) (C2H5OH, 99%) and Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (C3H8O, 99%) were purchased from DAEJUN Co., Ltd (Daejun, Korea). All reagents were used without any further purification.
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7

Synthesis of Bismuth Phosphate

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, 99.99%], diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4 > 99.0%], dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO > 99.9%) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 98%) were delivered from Sigma-Aldrich.
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8

Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Thin Films

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Fuorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates (~30 Ω) were purchased from Pilkington. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, >98%), molybdenum diacetylacetonate dioxide (MoO2(acac)2), tri-block copolymer Pluronic® F-108, ethylene glycol (EG), tungsten(VI) oxide nanopowders (WO3, ~100 nm), and Lanthanum(III) nitrate hydrate (La(NO3)3, 99.9%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Vanadium acetylacetone oxygen (VO(acac)2, >99%) and glacial acetic acid (>99.7%) were purchased from Acros Organics and Fisher Scientific, respectively. Potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4, >98%), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3, >97%), barium dichloride (BaCl2, >99.5%), tin(II) chloride (SnCl2, >98%), hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (H2O2), ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (NH4OH), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Au plate was obtained from Zhongnuo Advanced Material (Beijing) Co., Ltd. China. Deionized water was used with a resistivity of 18.25 MΩ·cm.
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9

Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis

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Ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, ≥ 98%), ferrous chloride (FeCl2·4H2O, 98%), glycine (C2H5NO2), and bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28–30%) and sodium borohydride (SBH, NaBH4) were obtained from Merck. Mature and dry Sumac (Rhus coriaria) seeds were collected on a farm from the Akre area in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. The seeds were then ground into powder using a mortar and pestle.
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10

Synthesis of Nanocomposite Materials

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Iron acetylacetonate, oleic acid, oleyl amine, ammonia (28 wt % in water), hydrogen peroxide (30 wt % in water), sodium chloride, sodium molybdate dehydrate, thiourea, ferrous chloride, cobalt acetate, ethylene glycol, zinc acetate, lanthanum oxide, cobalt nitrate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid, strontium carbonate, cobalt oxalates, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, diboron trioxide, 1-butyl-3-methlyimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BmimPF6), silver nitrate, stannous chloride, sulfur powder, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium, copper nitrate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, formaldehyde, mercury oxide, mercury, cyclohexane, isopropanol, iron pentacarbonyl, 1,3-dimethylimidazoline-2-selenone, hydrochloric acid (38 wt % in water), tellurium power, selenium powder, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and sulfide powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Raw graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes were obtained from XF-NANO Tech. Co. All chemical reagents are analytical pure reagents and were used without further purification. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film was purchased from Shanghai Muke Technol. Co. Deionized water used in all the experiments was purified using a Simplicity C9210 Milli-Q water purification system.
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