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Discovery pet ct 600

Manufactured by GE Healthcare
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The Discovery PET/CT 600 is a medical imaging system that combines Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) technologies. It is designed to acquire high-quality images for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes.

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15 protocols using discovery pet ct 600

1

PET/CT Imaging of Metformin Biodistribution

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Each patient was injected with MET (384.0 ± 22.7 MBq) 20 min before initiating a 10-min emission scan. Patients underwent PET/CT using either of two cross-calibrated PET/CT systems (14 patients: Biograph 16; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany or 27 patients: Discovery PET/CT 600; GE Healthcare, Pewaukee, WI). Patients were randomly allocated to each scanner. CT data for the Biograph 16 and Discovery PET/CT 600 were acquired at 120 kVp using an auto-exposure-control system, beam pitches of 0.80 and 0.94 and slice thicknesses of 5.0 mm and 3.8 mm, respectively. CT images were used for attenuation correction as well as image fusion. PET images were acquired in three-dimensional mode, and reconstructed with an ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm: 3 iterations and 8 subsets for Biograph 16; and 3 iterations and 16 subsets for Discovery PET/CT 600. A Gaussian filter of 5-mm full-width at half-maximum was used as a post-smoothing filter.
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2

PET/CT Imaging Protocol for 18F-FDG

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18F-FDG was synthesized with an in-house cyclotron and automated synthesis system (F200; Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan). PET/CT images were acquired 60 min after an intravenous injection of 18F-FDG, fixed at 5.0 MBq/kg. Patients were instructed to urinate before scanning to reduce tracer accumulation in the bladder. All PET/CT images were obtained using a Discovery PET/CT 600 (GE Healthcare, Pewaukee, WI) with a multi-detector-row CT component (16 detectors). Scanning covered an area from the head to the mid-thigh. Low dose CT with shallow breathing was performed first and used for attenuation correction and image fusion. CT acquisition was performed with 120 kVp using an auto exposure control system, beam pitch of 0.938, slice thickness of 3.75 mm. Emission images were acquired in three-dimensional mode for 2.5 min per bed position. The 3D-OSEM reconstruction method (VUE point HD; GE Healthcare) was used both for (a) conventional PET (16 subsets; 3 iterations), and (b) PSF-PET [(16 subsets; 5 iterations) + PSF algorithm (Sharp IR, GE Healthcare)]. For both reconstructions, the matrix size was 192 × 192, resulting in a 3.65 × 3.65 × 3.65 mm voxel size, and a 4 mm Gaussian filter was used.
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3

FDG-PET Imaging for Lymph Node Assessment

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FDG-PET scans for all the patients were performed in the single institution (Positron Imaging Center, Aizawa Hospital).15 (link) Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. PET scans were performed with a dedicated PET/CT scanner (2004 to 2009, Advance Nxi, GE, Milwaukee, WI, USA) in two-dimensional imaging mode, or a dedicated PET/CT scanner (2010 to 2015, Discovery PET/CT 600, GE, Milwaukee, WI, USA) in three-dimensional imaging mode. Emission scans were obtained with a 2–3 min acquisition time per table position, requiring 6 or 9 table positions to cover the area from the pelvis floor to the head. After at least 4 h of fasting, 3.7–5 MBq/kg (maximum 370 MBq) of F-18 FDG was intravenously injected. A whole-body scan was performed 60 min after the injection of FDG. The presence of lymph node enlargement was defined by a short axis diameter of ≥10 mm.19
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4

Quantifying BAT Activation via FDG-PET/CT

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BAT activity was measured using FDG-PET/CT, using a previously reported method (2 (link)) after slight modifications. Briefly, after fasting for 10-12 h, participants wore light clothes (T-shirt and shorts) and remained in a room at 19°C for 2 h. After 1 h, the participants received [18F]FDG (1.7 MBq/kg body weight) intravenously and remained in the same cold conditions for another hour. One hour after [18F]FDG administration, PET/CT was performed at 24°C room temperature using a dedicated PET/CT system [Aquiduo (Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan), Biograph 16 (Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA), or Discovery PET/CT 600 (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA)]. Detectable [18F]FDG uptake into the supraclavicular BAT was assessed by visual judgment. In parallel, the [18F]FDG uptake was quantified as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax).
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5

Comparative Analysis of PET/CT Scanners

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We used Discovery PET/CT 600 and Discovery PET/CT 710 scanners (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Table 1 shows the features of two PET devices compared herein. The Discovery 600 comprises 24 rings of 512 bismuth germinate (BGO) crystals (4.7 × 6.3 × 30 mm), covering transaxial and axial FOV of 700 and 157 mm, respectively. The spatial resolution at 1 cm from the center of the FOV was 4.9 mm at full width at half maximum (FWHM) according to NEMA NU2-2007 [14 (link)]. The Discovery 710 comprises 24 rings of 576 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals (4.2 × 6.3 × 25 mm), covering transaxial and axial FOV of 700 and 157 mm, respectively. The spatial resolution at 1 cm from the center of the FOV was 4.7 mm at FWHM according to NEMA [15 (link)].

Comparison of device features

Discovery 600Discovery 710
Transaxial FOV (mm)700700
Axial FOV (mm)157157
No. of ring2424
No. of individual crystals12,28813,824
No. of crystals/ring512576
No. of image planes4747
Crystal size (mm)4.7 × 6.3 × 304.2 × 6.3 × 25
Crystal array per block8 × 69 × 6
Scintillator materialBGOLYSO
Coincidence window (nsec)9.54.9
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6

FDG PET-CT Imaging Protocol

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Original FDG using a cyclotron facility and PET‐CT images were obtained at Aizawa Hospital. All patients fasted for at least five hours prior to the PET‐CT study and showed a blood glucose level < 150 mg/dL at the time of FDG injection. Patients received an intravenous injection of FDG at a dose of 4 MBq/kg and then rested for approximately one hour before undergoing imaging. Image acquisition was performed using a dedicated PET‐CT scanner (Discovery PET/CT 600; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA). A low‐dose CT scan for attenuation correction and anatomical localization was performed, followed by acquisition of emission images from the head to the thigh in three‐dimensional acquisition mode at two to three minutes per bed position. PET images were reconstructed iteratively with attenuation correction.
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7

Standardized PET/CT Imaging Protocol

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All PET/CT scans were performed on a combined in-line system (Discovery PET/CT 600, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a multidetector helical 16-slice CT and integrated full-ring PET. This dedicated system allows for acquisition of co-registered PET and CT images in one step. After the injection of a standard dose of 300 to 340 MBq 18F-FDG, the PET/CT imaging started with a delay of 60 min. The patients were advised to drink 1,000 ml of oral contrast medium during this uptake time.
The non-enhanced low-dose CT part of the combined scan was acquired with a tube voltage of 120 kV, a tube current of 40 mA, and a tube rotation time of 0.5 s. The imaging range was from the vertex to the upper thighs. Consecutively, the emission PET data acquisition started with an acquisition time of 2 min per bed position. The CT data was used for attenuation correction. CT images were later reconstructed with 3.75-mm slice width, using a fully 3D iterative algorithm (ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM)). For image post-processing, co-registration, and analysis, the reconstructed images were transferred to a commercially available computer workstation (Advantage Workstation 4.4, GE Healthcare).
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8

Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

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BAT activity was measured using FDG-PET/CT as reported previously [14 (link)]. Briefly, after fasting for 10–12 h, subjects wore light clothes (T-shirt and shorts) and remained in a room wherein the temperature was adjusted to 19 °C for 2 h. Intermittently, a towel-wrapped ice block was placed against the soles of their feet. After 1 h, 18F-FDG (1.66–5.18 MBq/kg body weight) was intravenously administered and the subjects remained in the same cold conditions for another hour. One hour after 18F-FDG administration, a PET/CT scan was performed at 24 °C using a dedicated PET/CT system (an Aquiduo [Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan], Biograph 16 [Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA], or Discovery PET/CT 600 [GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA]). Detectable FDG uptake into the supraclavicular BAT was assessed by visually judging. In parallel, the FDG uptake was semiquantitatively measured as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The SUVmax threshold level between the detectable and undetectable was 2.00 [14 (link)].
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9

PET/CT Imaging of PSMA in Oncology

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Patient demographics were recorded, along with relevant oncologic history, laboratory values, and tumor pathology data. Referring physicians completed a questionnaire describing the intended course of treatment before the 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT scan. Participants were followed up 24 h after radiotracer administration to identify adverse events. A second questionnaire was sent to referring physicians a few weeks after the scan to assess changes in management.
18F-DCFPyL was synthesized according to a previously published method (13 (link)). The administered activity was scaled by body weight (range, 237–474 MBq), allowing a 10% variation in target activity. After a 4-h fast, participants were injected intravenously with 18F-DCFPyL. Vital signs were measured before injection, 5–15 min afterward, and after the uptake phase. The subjects could eat between the radiotracer injection and the scan. After a 120-min uptake period, patients were imaged from top of head to mid thigh on a Discovery PET/CT 600 or 690 (GE Healthcare). A CT scan for localization and attenuation correction (120 kV, automatic milliamperage selection [range, 30–200 mA], and noise index of 20) was acquired. PET data were acquired immediately after the CT data over 2–4 min/bed position, adjusted for participant girth, and reconstructed with ordered-subset expectation maximization and point-spread-function modeling.
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10

FDG-PET Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis

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A multi-slice scanner (Discovery PET/CT 600, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) was used to perform FDG-PET examinations. PET-CT scans were obtained 60 min after the intravenous administration of 3.0–3.7 MBq of FDG per kilogram of body weight. Before the examinations, all patients ate a low-carbohydrate (<5 g) dinner and were asked to refrain from consuming anything except non-caloric beverages to avoid physiological FDG uptake in the heart. In addition, overnight fasting (>18 h) was required until the PET examinations [6] (link). Whole-body PET studies were evaluated by two experienced cardiologists (HH and CI). According to the previous report, the cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis was visually classified into four patterns: none, diffuse, focal, and focal on diffuse [7] (link). The FDG uptake lesions obviously unrelated to sarcoidosis (e.g., pneumonia, cancer, and dental caries) were excluded even though it had significant FDG uptake in this study. The presence of late gadolinium enhancement by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was defined as any hyperenhancement in the myocardium. Regarding a diagnostic approach, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria were described based on a previous report [8] . Furthermore, in this study, all EMBs were performed from the right interventricular septum.
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