Synergy ultrapure water system

Methanol, chloroform, trichloroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), sodium salt of 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic acid-2,2,3,3-d₄ (TSP), GSH, GSSG, ATP, ADP, and AMP were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). NAD⁺ (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate), NADH (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) disodium salt hydrate), NADP⁺ (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate), and NADPH (β-nicotinamide dinucleotide, 2′-phosphate (reduced) tetra sodium salt hydrate) were generously provided by Dr. Jianhai Du, University of Washington. Deuterium oxide (D₂O) was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA). Deionized (DI) water was purified using an in-house Synergy Ultrapure Water System from Millipore (Billerica, MA). All chemicals were used without further purification.

Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), fumaric acid, sodium salt of trimethylsilylpropionic acid-d₄ (TSP), acetanilide, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), ethanol, methanol, and chloroform were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) or Fisher (Waltham, MA). Deuterium oxide (D₂O) was procured from Cambridge Isotope Laboratory (CIL) (Tewksbury, MA). Deionized (DI) water was purified using an in-house Synergy Ultrapure Water System from Millipore (Billerica, MA). All chemicals and solvents were used without further purification.

Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), maleic acid, fumaric acid, trimethylsilylpropionic acid-d₄, and trimethylsilylpropanesulfonic acid, acetanilide, methanol and chloroform were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) or Fisher (Waltham, MA). Deionized (DI) water was purified using an in-house Synergy Ultrapure Water System from Millipore (Billerica, MA). All chemicals and solvents were used without further purification.

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol, sulfuric acid, sodium perchlorate, tris-(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride, monosodium phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, zinc chloride, nickel chloride, aluminum chloride, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, iron chloride, chromium chloride, and silver sulfadiazine were used as received (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). FLUKA TraceCERT standards for silver, lead, and cadmium purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). These reagents and chemicals were used without further purification. The solutions were made with DI water purified through a Synergy Ultrapure Water System (18.2 Mω•cm, Millipore, Billerica, MA). The sensors were interrogated in 10 mM PBS supplemented with 2 M NaClO₄ at pH 6.7 (PBS-6.7).
Four DNA probes were purchased from Biosearch Technologies, Inc. (Novato, CA) and used as received. Two DNA probes (5′CA and 5′CT) were modified with a six carbon (C6) alkanethiol linker at the 5′ end and a MB redox label at the 3′ end (Figure S1A). Two other probes (3′CA and 3′CT) were modified at the 3′ end with a C6 alkanethiol linker and at the 5′ end with a MB redox label (Figure S1B).
CA Probes:
CT Probes:

Methanol, chloroform, monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic acid-2,2,3,3-d₄, sodium salt (TSP), sodium azide, potassium hydroxide and perchloric acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Standard compounds including coenzyme A (CoA), oxidized coenzyme A (CoA-S-S-CoA), acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), succinyl coenzyme A, malonyl coenzyme A, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) used for chemical shift/spectral databases and/or spiking experiments were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich or Fisher (Waltham, MA). Deuterium oxide (D₂O) was obtained from Cambridge Isotope laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA). Deionized (DI) water was purified using an in-house Synergy Ultrapure Water System from Millipore (Billerica, MA). All chemicals were used without further purification.