Dpcpx

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

DPCPX is a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. It is a chemical compound used in research applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, (11 citations)

29 protocols using dpcpx

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Probes

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CA200645, propranolol-BY630 (propranolol-βalanine-βalanine-X-BODIPY-630/650) and propranolol-BYFL (propranolol-βalanine-βalanine-X-BODIPY-FL) were from CellAura. AV039 and ABEA-X-BY630 (ABEA-X-BODIPY-630/650) were synthesised by the University of Nottingham as described by Vernall et al.^{12 (link)} and Middleton et al.^{14 (link)}. Alprenolol-TAMRA was synthesised by Promega. TAMRA-AngII was from AnaSpec. Alprenolol and angiotensin II were from Sigma. Candesartan and olmesartan were from Zhou Fang Pharm Chemical. DPCPX, SCH 58261, MRS 1220, CGS 15943, ZM 241385, XAC, PSB 603, isoprenaline, propranolol, ICI 118551 and CGP 12177 were from Tocris.

Stoddart L.A., Johnstone E.K., Wheal A.J., Goulding J., Robers M.B., Machleidt T., Wood K.V., Hill S.J, & Pfleger K.D. (2015). Application of BRET to monitor ligand binding to GPCRs. Nature methods, 12(7), 661-663.

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Molecular Inhibition at Acupoint GB34

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U0126 (MEK/MAPK inhibitor, 8 μg/10 μl; Promega, Madison, WI, USA), CPZ (TRPV1 inhibitor, 0.4 μg/10 μl; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), DPCPX (A1R inhibitor, 3 μg/10 μl; Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, BS110 QL, UK) were used to inhibit molecular activation in the skin layer. Each solution was injected into the GB34 acupoint 15 min before acupuncture treatment according to the previously described^{66 (link)}. Briefly, mice were slightly anesthetized with ether, then each inhibitor was injected into the GB34 acupoint (i.d., 10 µL/each acupoint) using a 0.5 mL syringe (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). The control mice were injected with an equal volume of vehicle.

Park J.Y., Cho S.J., Lee S.H., Ryu Y., Jang J.H., Kim S.N, & Park H.J. (2021). Peripheral ERK modulates acupuncture-induced brain neural activity and its functional connectivity. Scientific Reports, 11, 5128.

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Trazodone Sourcing and Compounds

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Trazodone was provided by A.C.R.A.F. S.p.A. (Santa Palomba, Rome). 5-HT, SR-95531, d-AP5, NBQX were purchased from Ascent Scientific Ltd. (Bristol, UK). Way-100635 maleate, CGP-55845 hydrochloride, 5-CT and DPCPX were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). L-Phenylephrine and strychnine hydrochloride from Sigma-Aldrich S.r.l. (Milan, Italy).

Montalbano A., Mlinar B., Bonfiglio F., Polenzani L., Magnani M, & Corradetti R. (2019). Dual inhibitory action of trazodone on dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons through 5-HT1A receptor partial agonism and α1-adrenoceptor antagonism. PLoS ONE, 14(9), e0222855.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Neurotransmission

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Isoflurane (Forane) was from AbbVie (Vienna, Austria); Chicago Sky Blue from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany); and KW-6002 (istradefylline), DPCPX (8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), and CGS21680 (4-[2-[[6-Amino-9-(N-ethyl-β-D-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-propanoic acid hydrochloride) from Tocris (Abingdon, UK). D-Amphetamine sulfate, caffeine, chloral hydrate, and bulk chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). Amphetamine and caffeine were dissolved in 0.9% saline, and KW-6002 and DPCPX were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide as vehicle (1:30 in saline).

Valenti O., Zambon A, & Boehm S. (2021). Orchestration of Dopamine Neuron Population Activity in the Ventral Tegmental Area by Caffeine: Comparison With Amphetamine. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(10), 832-841.

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Adenosine Receptor Activation Assay

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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium (RPMI 1640), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin, and glutamine were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher, Germany). Trypsin-EDTA solution, adenosine, inosine, AMP, ADP, and ATP, the A2b (alloxazine) and A3 adenosine receptors (VUF5574), and caffeine, a non-selective adenosine antagonist, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). The antagonists for A1 (DPCPX) and A2a (SCH-58261) adenosine receptors were purchased from Tocris, UK.

Chen J., Chaurio R.A., Maueröder C., Derer A., Rauh M., Kost A., Liu Y., Mo X., Hueber A., Bilyy R., Herrmann M., Zhao Y, & Muñoz L.E. (2017). Inosine Released from Dying or Dead Cells Stimulates Cell Proliferation via Adenosine Receptors. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 504.

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Neurotransmitter Receptor Pharmacology

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Serotonin (5-HT), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine were purchased from Sigma and stocks and prepared in de-ionized water and later diluted in regular mouse ringer or normal aCSF. Caffeine, the A₁ receptor antagonist DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), the A_2A receptor antagonist SCH58261 (5-amino-7-(β-phenylethyl)-2-(8-furyl) pyrazolol [4,3-e] - 1,2,4 - triazolol [1,5-c] pyrimidine), adenosine, the A₁ receptor agonist N-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), the A_2A receptor agonist CGS21680, the D₁ receptor antagonist SCH23390 ((R)-(+)-7-Chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride) hydrochloride, the D₂ receptor antagonist sulpiride ((S)-(−)-5-Aminosulfonyl-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-2-methoxybenzamide), the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor 14–22 amide myristoylated and the adenylyl cyclase activator Forskolin were purchased from Tocris (St. Louis, Missouri). Caffeine was prepared in de-ionized water and later dissolved in regular mouse ringer or normal aCSF whereas the adenosine and dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists were prepared as stock solutions in Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) or de-ionized water (depending on solubility) and later diluted in de-ionized water.

Acevedo J.M., Santana-Almansa A., Matos-Vergara N., Marrero-Cordero L.R., Cabezas-Bou E, & Díaz-Ríos M. (2015). Caffeine stimulates locomotor activity in the mammalian spinal cord via an A1/D1 receptor and PKA-dependent mechanisms. Neuropharmacology, 101, 490-505.

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Adenosine Receptor Pharmacology in Brain Slices

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All chemical reagents were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. The aCSF buffer was composed of 126 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM
KCl, 1.2 mM NaH₂PO₄, 2.4 mM CaCl₂·2H₂O, 1.2 mM MgCl₂·6H₂O, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 11 mM glucose, and 15 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)
aminomethane dissolved in deionized water (Milli-Q Biocel; Millipore,
USA). The aCSF was freshly prepared before the experiments and adjusted
to pH 7.4 for brain slice experiments. Adenosine and inosine were
purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Stock solutions
(10 mM) were prepared in 0.1 M perchloric acid and diluted to a 1
mM concentration with aCSF.
DPCPX (A₁ Adenosine receptor
antagonist) and MRS 1220 (A₃ Adenosine receptor antagonist)
were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, USA). A 10 μM
amount of DPCPX and 5 μM of MRS 1220 were freshly prepared by
dissolving in 1 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) through sonication
and diluted with an aCSF buffer.

Shrestha K, & Venton B.J. (2024). Transient Adenosine Modulates Serotonin Release Indirectly in the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 15(4), 798-807.

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Adenosine Receptor Pharmacology Protocol

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N⁶-cyclopenthyladenosine (CPA), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), 3-{4-[2-({6-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-9H-purin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]phenyl}-propanoic acid (CGS21680) and 2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine (SCH58261) were from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Adenosine and adenosine deaminase (ADA) were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). CPA, CGS21680, DPCPX and SCH58261 were made up as 5 mM stock solutions in dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma) and dilutions were prepared in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF, see constitution below), controlling for the impact of the residual amount of dimethylsulfoxide. ADA, DPCPX, SCH58261 and CGS21680 were used in supramaximal but selective concentrations: respectively, 2 U/mL [35 ], 50–100 nM [6 (link)], 50 nM [22 (link),36 (link)], and 30 nM [37 (link)].

Lopes C.R., Gonçalves F.Q., Olaio S., Tomé A.R., Cunha R.A, & Lopes J.P. (2023). Adenosine A2A Receptors Shut Down Adenosine A1 Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition to Promote Implementation of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation. Biomolecules, 13(4), 715.

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Investigating Neuromodulatory Mechanisms

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Reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless stated otherwise. Stock solutions were made and diluted in ACSF just before bath application. Drugs used were A₁R selective antagonist DPCPX (100 nM), A₁R selective agonist N⁶-CPA (1 µM, Tocris Bioscience), Ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 inhibitor AMP-CP (200 μM, Tocris Bioscience), GAT-3 blocker (S)-SNAP 5114 (100 μM, Tocris Bioscience), GABA_BR selective antagonist CGP55845A (2 μM, Tocris Bioscience), GABA_AR selective antagonist Gabazine (5 μM), mGluR5 selective antagonist MPEP (25 μM, Tocris Bioscience), selective calcium chelating reagent BAPTA tetrapotassium salt (0.1 or 20 mM), NMDAR antagonist AP-5 (20 μM), AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist NBQX (10 μM, Tocris Bioscience).

Matos M., Bosson A., Riebe I., Reynell C., Vallée J., Laplante I., Panatier A., Robitaille R, & Lacaille J.C. (2018). Astrocytes detect and upregulate transmission at inhibitory synapses of somatostatin interneurons onto pyramidal cells. Nature Communications, 9, 4254.

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Purchasing Chemicals for Research

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We purchased common chemicals from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) except DPCPX, PSB12379, and NBTI (NBMPR) which were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Kang S., Hong S.I., Lee J., Peyton L., Baker M., Choi S., Kim H., Chang S.Y, & Choi D.S. (2020). Activation of Astrocytes in the Dorsomedial Striatum Facilitates Transition from Habitual to Goal-Directed Reward-Seeking Behavior. Biological psychiatry, 88(10), 797-808.

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