Following antibodies were used for IF and IHC analysis.
Anti-USP21 (catalog MA5-34953),
anti-FOXD1 (catalog PA5-35145) were purchased from Invitrogen.
Anti-ALDH1A3 (catalog ab129815) was purchased from Abcam.
Anti-CD44 (catalog 3570) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.
GSCs were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for IF staining, permeated with 0.25% Triton X-100, and then blocked with 1% BSA at room temperature for 1 h. The cells were probed with the primary antibody. After washing by PBS-T, cells were combined with the Alexa Fluor 488 (abcam, catalog
ab150113) or Alexa Fluor 647 (abcam, catalog
ab150079) labeled secondary antibody.We used a mounting medium containing DAPI (abcam, catalog
ab104139). The samples were observed through a confocal laser scanning microscope. For IHC staining, the slides were handled as before [29 (
link)]. If <10% of the cells in the tumor area were stained, the result would be classified as negative. If the staining were 10% to 100%, the result would be positive. The percentage of positive tumor cells per slide (10–100%) multiplied by the main intensity pattern of staining (1, weak; 2, medium; 3, strong).
Zhang Q., Chen Z., Tang Q., Wang Z., Lu J., You Y, & Wang H. (2022). USP21 promotes self-renewal and tumorigenicity of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells by deubiquitinating and stabilizing FOXD1. Cell Death & Disease, 13(8), 712.