The lipid phase of anionic squarticles contained squalene (8% w/v of the final product) and phosphatidylcholines (Phospholipon® 80H, 2%), while the aqueous phase used Pluronic F68 (4.5%) and water. Octadecylamine (2%) was added in the lipid phase to produce cationic squarticles. Both phases were separately heated to 85°C for 15 min. The two phases were mixed under high-shear homogenization (Pro 250; Pro Scientific, Oxford, CT, USA) at 12,000 rpm for 30 min. Subsequently the mixture was sonicated by VCX 600 (Sonics and Materials) at 25 W for 25 min. The total volume of the final product was 10 mL. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared by the same procedures, but with different lipid phases. The lipid phase of SLNs was a blend of hexadecyl palmitate (8%) and Phospholipon 80H (2%).
Vcx600
Manufactured by Sonics
Sourced in United States
The VCX600 is a high-performance ultrasonic processor designed for laboratory applications. It is capable of delivering up to 600 watts of ultrasonic power for efficient sample processing, cell disruption, and material homogenization.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
15 protocols using vcx600
1
Synthesis of Cationic Squarticles and SLNs
2
Optimizing Hepatocyte-Targeted Biobubble Vectors
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The optimized DAC-loaded BBVs were subjected to further modifications to improve their internalization and hepatocytes specificity. The particle size of the developed optimized BBVs (ABBVs) was further reduced by intense sonication of the dispersion of BBVs formed after hydration using an ultrasonic probe (VCX600, Sonics and Materials, Newtown, CT, USA) at power input of 100W for 3 min at 60 Amplitude. Miniaturized cationic BBVs (CBBVs) and β-sitosterol decorated BBVs (Sito-GBBVs) were prepared by incorporation of 5% w/w (of the total lipid weight) of stearylamine and Sito-G, respectively, into the organic solvent during the preparation of BBVs and using the same sonication power.
3
Formulation of Lipid Nanoparticles with Squalene
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Example 1
The composition contained a combination of a lipid phase and an aqueous phase. The lipid phase comprised 10% (v/w) of squalene/CP mixture; 0.2% (v/w) of SPC; 0.2% (v/w) of DSPE-PEG, 0.5% (v/w) of Myverol; and 0.005% of DiR dye. The aqueous phase comprised water (84.1%) and Pluronic F68 (5%).
Both lipid and aqueous phases were heated at 85° C. for 15 min. The aqueous phase was subsequently added to lipid phase and homogenized (Pro250, Pro Scientific, Monroe, Conn., USA) at 12000 rpm for 10 min., and further mixed for 10 minutes using probe sonicator (VCX600, Sonics and Materials, Newtown, Conn., USA). The volume of the final composition was 10 ml.
4
Cationic Nanoemulsion Fabrication
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The oil and aqueous phases of nanoemulsions were fabricated separately. The oil phase consisted of soy phospatidylcholine (SPC, 150 mg) and squalene. The squalene amount was 200, 500, and 700 mg for preparation of cationic nanoemulsions of small (CN-S), medium (CN-M), and large (CN-L) size, respectively. The aqueous phase consisted of CPC (80 mg), Poloxamer 188 (150 mg), and water for all formulations. Both phases were heated in a water bath for 20 min. The aqueous phase was added into the oil phase in the presence of high-shear homogenization at 12,000 rpm for 20 min, followed by the agitation using a probe-type sonicator (VCX600, Sonics and Materials) for 20 min at 35 W. The total volume of the final product was 10 mL.
5
Inducible Probiotic Protein Expression
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Various transformed probiotic clones were cultured in MRS broth, and expression of HLF or BLF was induced under different conditions: LF expression was induced by the addition of 0.1 to 20 ng/mL of nisin for 0 to 8 h. The cell pellets were lysed with an ultrasonic cell disruptor (Sonics & Materials, VCX 600, Newtown, CT, USA) on ice, and cell lysates were analyzed via SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The nitrocellulose membrane for Western blot analysis was incubated with rabbit anti-HLF primary antibody (1:20,000 dilution; Upstate, Cat: 07-685) and subsequently with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (1:3000 dilution; Invitrogen, Cat: 65-6120).
6
Extraction and Quantification of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides
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The WSPs in D. officinale stems were extracted and determined as previously described34 (link). Whole mature and dry A. thaliana seeds were ground to a fine powder using a tissue lyser (TL2020, Beijing Haoyuan Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). Twenty mg of powder was weighed precisely, pre-extracted twice with 1 mL 80% (v/v) hot ethanol for 20 min in each extraction step, and centrifuged by a Centrifuge 5424 R (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at 16 °C. The supernatant was discarded. The pellet was suspended with 2 mL of distilled water, then incubated in an ultrasonic bath (VCX600, Sonics and Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) for 2 h at 60 °C to extract the WSPs. After centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at 16 °C, the supernatant was collected and used to analyze WSPs by the phenol-sulfuric acid method54 (link), as described in He et al.34 (link).
7
Homogenization and Sonication of Lipid Nanocarriers
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NLCs were produced via hot high-shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication in accordance with previously reported methods, albeit with minor modifications.17 (link) The lipid matrix, which consists of 6% palmityl palpitates, 1% soy phosphatidylcholine, and 6% OA, was heated up to 85 °C to form a uniform oil phase. The aqueous solution, which contained the hydrophilic surfactant pluronic F68 (3.5%) and ddH2O (83.5%), was also heated to 85 °C. Subsequently, the hot lipid matrix was gradually dispersed in the aqueous solution under the effects of high-shear homogenization (Pro250, Pro Scientific) at 12,000 rpm for 20 min. The resulting mixture was then ultrasonicated using a probe-type sonicator (VCX600, Sonics and Materials, Newtown, CT, USA) for 15 min duration at 35 W and 20 amplitudes without intermittent on/off cycle to obtain the final product.
8
Quercetin-Loaded Phospholipid Nanoparticles
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Soybean phosphatidylcholine (4.0%, w/v of the final product), cholesterol (1%, w/v), and DSPE-PEG 5000 (1%, w/v) were dispersed in 5 mL of a chloroform-methanol (2:1) solution. The organic solvent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 50°C, and the solvent traces were removed by maintaining the lipid film under a vacuum overnight. The film was hydrated with triply deionized water containing quercetin (solubility approximately 60 mg/L) using a probe-type sonicator (VCX600, Sonics and Materials, Newtown, CT, USA) at 35 W for 10 minutes at 60°C. Coconut oil 3.0% was then added to the mixture, followed by high-shear homogenization (Pro250, Pro Scientific, Monroe, CT, USA) for 5 minutes. The semi-finished product was cooled to 0°C. Finally, perfluoropentane (10%, w/v) was incorporated into the system, followed by homogenization (for 5 minutes at 0°C) and sonication (35 W for 5 minutes at 0°C). The total volume of the resulting product was set at 5 mL. After the formulations were prepared, they were left to stand for 1 day at 0°C degassed.
9
Flavonoid Content Determination in Samples
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A colorimetric method described by Ren et al. (2020) (link) was used to analyze total flavonoid content with rutin solutions (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 μg/mL) serving as standards. Briefly, powdered samples were extracted with 50% (v/v) methanol in an ultrasonication bath (VCX600, Sonics and Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) for 90 min at room temperature, then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant was collected and used to measure absorbance at 360 nm with a UV-6000 spectrophotometer. The calibration standard was 50% (v/v) methanol.
10
Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Formulation
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The lipid and water phases of NLC were prepared separately. The lipid phase consisted of 2% squalene, 2% hexadecyl palmitate, 1.5% soy phosphatidylcholine (Phospholipon 80H®), 1% deoxycholic acid, and 0.4% SME. The water phase consisted of 1.5% Pluronic F68 and double-distilled water. Both phases were heated to 85°C for 15 min. The water phase was added to the lipid phase in the presence of high-shear homogenization (Pro250, Pro Scientific) at 12,000 rpm for 20 min. The mixture was subsequently treated using a probe-type sonicator (VCX600, Sonics and Materials) for 15 min at 35 W. Oxacillin (0.1%) was included in the lipid phase as needed.
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