Prior to surgery, dMRI images were acquired for all patient (Ingenia 3T, Philips Healthcare, the Netherlands). Each dMRI dataset was retrieved applying 32 diffusion sensitizing gradients distributed over a half sphere with a b-value of 800 s/mm2, one b0 volume, TE 100 ms, TR 8530 ms, and a voxel size of 1.75 × 1.75 × 2 mm3. On the day of surgery, pre-operative T2 images (Fig. 1 (a)) were acquired on the same MRI system (TE 80 ms, TR 8000 ms, voxel size 0.5 × 0.5 × 2 mm3) using the Leksell® Stereotactic System (G frame, Elekta instrument AB). The T2 images were used to identify the Zi target and trajectory during preoperative planning with SurgiPlan® (Elekta Instrument AB, Sweden) (Blomstedt et al., 2012 (link)). The DBS leads were implanted in the Zi according to the clinical protocol (Wårdell et al., 2016 ) with the patients under general anaesthesia. Fluoroscopy (Philips BV Pulsera, Philips Medical Systems, the Netherlands) was used to verify position of the leads during the surgical procedure. Postoperative CT (GE Lightspeed Ultra, GE Healthcare, UK) was performed within 24 h after surgery (Fig. 1 (b)) to verify electrode position and exclude haemorrhage.
Bv pulsera
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in United States, Netherlands
The BV Pulsera is a mobile C-arm imaging system designed for use in surgical and interventional procedures. It provides high-quality fluoroscopic imaging to support real-time visualization during procedures. The BV Pulsera is a compact and maneuverable device that can be easily positioned around the patient.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ingenia 3t, by Philips (1 mentions)
Ge lightspeed ultra, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Surgiplan, by Elekta (1 mentions)
Tim trio, by Siemens (1 mentions)
3.0 tesla mri scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Amira 6, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Somatom definition as, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Zenition 70, by Philips (1 mentions)
Image 1 hub, by Storz (1 mentions)
Omniopaque 300, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Flex x2, by Storz (1 mentions)
26f rigid nephroscope, by Storz (1 mentions)
29 protocols using bv pulsera
1
MRI-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation Procedure
2
Fluoroscopy-Guided Femoral Artery Puncture
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A total of 30 fluoroscopy-guided punctures were performed, 15 using the real-time radiation measurement dosimeter with auditory feedback and 15 without auditory feedback dosimeter (the dosimeter was set in silent mode) by an interventional cardiologist with 10-year experience, targeting both femoral arteries in the 15 pigs. The mobile fluoroscopy system was Philips BV Pulsera (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, USA). We selected both femoral arteries with a diagnostic catheter (Judkins right 4, Gifu, Japan) via the right carotid artery and performed angiography to guide the femoral puncture using the Seldinger technique.
3
Biomechanical Evaluation of Facet Device
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Testing was performed using an 858 Mini Bionix II frame with a six-axis spine gimbal (MTS, Eden Prairie, MN, USA; used in previously published studies) and pneumatic follower load actuators running through bilateral cables attached to the cups holding the specimen (Fig. 1) [10, 11] (link). Displacements were tracked using a Vicon camera tracking system with MX20+ cameras (Vicon Motion Systems, Denver, CO, USA). Infrared reflecting marker arrays were attached to vertebral bodies via screws, and dorsal facet fiducial points were registered with a reflective stylus. Radiographic imaging was performed with a C arm (Philips BV Pulsera, Type: 718093; Philips, Andover, MA, USA). The IFA test article used was the Glyder Facet Restoration Device (Zyga Technology, Inc, Minnetonka, MN, USA), which consists of two articulating PEEK-OPTIMA wafers, each constructed with one smooth articulating surface and one textured fixation surface and an encapsulated radiographic marker.
4
Quantifying Wrist Bone Motion with 4D-RX Imaging
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To record wrist bone positions during motion we used 4D-RX imaging (Carelsen et al., 2005 (link)). This method uses a static CT scan to obtain virtual three-dimensional (3D) models of the radius, ulna and carpal bones through segmentation (Figure 1 ) by the use of a previously described algorithm (Carelsen et al., 2009 (link)). Using a regular 3D rotational X-ray system (BV Pulsera, Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands), the static CT scans are combined with dynamic scans made during three motions: flexion-extension motion, radio-ulnar deviation and dart-throwing motion. Finally, virtual bone models are aligned with dynamic scans by registration, thereby quantifying motion patterns of wrist bones in vivo (Foumani et al., 2009 (link), 2013 ).
A motorized hand-shaker device (Carelsen et al., 2009 (link)) was used to move the wrist with an imposed range of motion (ROM) set for each patient individually to avoid any pain or discomfort. During each of the three motions the X-ray source was rotated around the wrist to acquire 20 volume reconstructions, each reconstruction corresponding to a unique wrist position.
Assessment of 4D-RX imaging data in a previous study demonstrated a precision of 0.02 mm (SD 0.005) for translation and 0.12° (SD 0.07) for rotation (Carelsen et al., 2009 (link)).
A motorized hand-shaker device (Carelsen et al., 2009 (link)) was used to move the wrist with an imposed range of motion (ROM) set for each patient individually to avoid any pain or discomfort. During each of the three motions the X-ray source was rotated around the wrist to acquire 20 volume reconstructions, each reconstruction corresponding to a unique wrist position.
Assessment of 4D-RX imaging data in a previous study demonstrated a precision of 0.02 mm (SD 0.005) for translation and 0.12° (SD 0.07) for rotation (Carelsen et al., 2009 (link)).
5
Dual-Fluoroscopic Imaging of Lumbar Spine
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The position of the lumbar spine was imaged using a dual-fluoroscopic system. Two fluoroscopes (BV Pulsera; Phillips, Bothell, WA, USA) were placed perpendicular to each other. In this way, images of the lumbar spine were simultaneously obtained from two directions. The volunteers were asked to stand between the two perpendicular image intensifiers and make movements, including trunk flexion at 45°, maximal extension, maximal left-right bending, and maximal left-right rotation (Figure 2 ). A minimum stillness span of 2 s was required for each posture while the two fluoroscopes captured the images. 3D CT-based models of the vertebrae at various body postures were reproduced using the modeling software Rhinoceros (Robert McNeel & Associates, Seattle, WA, USA). Thereafter, the vertebral models were independently translational and rotational in 6DOF until their outlines matched the outlines on the two fluoroscopic images (Figure 2 ). Using this technique, vertebral endplate positions in vivo were reproduced in different postures.
6
Fluoroscopic-Guided Lumbar Puncture Technique
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Trainees reviewed the indication for the FGLP and discussed each case with the neuroradiology attending. The FGLPs were performed by residents under the supervision of the attending using the techniques outlined in the American College of Radiology-American Society of Neuroradiology-Society for Pediatric Radiology practice parameters[7 ] using one standard biplanar fluoroscopy machine (Phillips BV Pulsera) in one fluoroscopy suite.
7
Knee MRI and Fluoroscopic Imaging Protocol
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One knee from each participant underwent MR imaging via a 3.0-T scanner (Trio
Tim; Siemens Medical Solutions USA). Sagittal images were acquired from the
participants while they were lying supine, through use of a double-echo
steady-state sequence and an 8-channel knee coil (resolution, 0.3 × 0.3 × 1 mm;
flip angle, 25°; repetition time, 17 ms; echo time, 6 ms).27 (link),31 (link),35 (link) Then, images of the knee were obtained from 2 orthogonal directions
through use of biplanar fluoroscopes (BV Pulsera; Philips) while participants
stood on a level platform and posed in single-legged static lunge positions of
various FLAs.6 (link) Each fluoroscopic image had a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels.2 (link) For each pose, participants were guided on how to position their knee
with a goniometer.
Tim; Siemens Medical Solutions USA). Sagittal images were acquired from the
participants while they were lying supine, through use of a double-echo
steady-state sequence and an 8-channel knee coil (resolution, 0.3 × 0.3 × 1 mm;
flip angle, 25°; repetition time, 17 ms; echo time, 6 ms).27 (link),31 (link),35 (link) Then, images of the knee were obtained from 2 orthogonal directions
through use of biplanar fluoroscopes (BV Pulsera; Philips) while participants
stood on a level platform and posed in single-legged static lunge positions of
various FLAs.6 (link) Each fluoroscopic image had a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels.2 (link) For each pose, participants were guided on how to position their knee
with a goniometer.
8
Defecography in Post-Transplant Patients
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Defecography was performed under anesthesia at rest in lateral recumbency 1 year after transplantation. Approximately 100 mL of barium paste (barium solution, water, and bran) was injected into the rectum. Several dynamic states (at rest, after anal squeezing, straining, and evacuation) were filmed using fluoroscopy (BV Pulsera; Philips Electronics, Tokyo, Japan).
9
Fluoroscopic Kinematic Analysis of Knee Joint
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Methods of kinematic data acquisition and coordinate system (CS) establishment were the same as the previous study [29 (link)]. The experimental processes are shown as follows. First, the knee of the subject was simultaneously imaged by two fluoroscopes (BV Pulsera; Philips) when a lunge motion was performed. Then, the fluoroscopic images were positioned in the imaging planes based on the projection geometry of the fluoroscopes in MATLAB (R2013a; MathWorks). Next, local femoral CS (floating CS) and tibial CS (fixed CS) were established on the CT-based models of the femur and tibia. The models were independently manipulated in six degrees of freedom (6DOF) to match the outlines of the fluoroscopic images (30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion). Finally, the 6DOF changes in knee flexion were calculated according to the rotation matrix (floating CS relative to fixed CS) using MATLAB after the matching procedure.
10
Voiding Cystourethrography for Urethral Graft Assessment
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Animals were submitted under general anesthesia for macroscopic evaluation and voiding cysto-urethrography (Visipaque 270 mg/mL). All images were collected with a Philips BV Pulsera. The diameter of the urethra was measured utilizing a scale. Knowing that the graft was sutured at 0.5 cm proximal to the base of the glans and it measured 2 cm in length, the position of the graft could be determined on the radioscopic images. It was then possible to estimate the potential presence of stenosis at the anastomotic sites. Stenosis was defined as a persistent 50% reduction of the diameter of the urethra at the same location.
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